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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | STDIN | INPUT FILES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | STDOUT | STDERR | OUTPUT FILES | EXTENDED DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS | APPLICATION USAGE | EXAMPLES | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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BATCH(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual BATCH(1P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
batch — schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue
batch
The batch utility shall read commands from standard input and
schedule them for execution in a batch queue. It shall be the
equivalent of the command:
at -q b -m now
where queue b is a special at queue, specifically for batch jobs.
Batch jobs shall be submitted to the batch queue with no time
constraints and shall be run by the system using algorithms, based
on unspecified factors, that may vary with each invocation of
batch.
Users shall be permitted to use batch if their name appears in the
file at.allow which is located in an implementation-defined
directory. If that file does not exist, the file at.deny, which
is located in an implementation-defined directory, shall be
checked to determine whether the user shall be denied access to
batch. If neither file exists, only a process with appropriate
privileges shall be allowed to submit a job. If only at.deny
exists and is empty, global usage shall be permitted. The at.allow
and at.deny files shall consist of one user name per line.
None.
None.
The standard input shall be a text file consisting of commands
acceptable to the shell command language described in Chapter 2,
Shell Command Language.
The text files at.allow and at.deny, which are located in an
implementation-defined directory, shall contain zero or more user
names, one per line, of users who are, respectively, authorized or
denied access to the at and batch utilities.
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
batch:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of
internationalization variables used to determine the
values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values
of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences
of bytes of text data as characters (for example,
single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments and input files).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error and informative messages written to
standard output.
LC_TIME Determine the format and contents for date and time
strings written by batch.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the
processing of LC_MESSAGES.
SHELL Determine the name of a command interpreter to be used
to invoke the at-job. If the variable is unset or null,
sh shall be used. If it is set to a value other than a
name for sh, the implementation shall do one of the
following: use that shell; use sh; use the login shell
from the user database; any of the preceding accompanied
by a warning diagnostic about which was chosen.
TZ Determine the timezone. The job shall be submitted for
execution at the time specified by timespec or -t time
relative to the timezone specified by the TZ variable.
If timespec specifies a timezone, it overrides TZ. If
timespec does not specify a timezone and TZ is unset or
null, an unspecified default timezone shall be used.
Default.
When standard input is a terminal, prompts of unspecified format
for each line of the user input described in the STDIN section may
be written to standard output.
The following shall be written to standard error when a job has
been successfully submitted:
"job %s at %s\n", at_job_id, <date>
where date shall be equivalent in format to the output of:
date +"%a %b %e %T %Y"
The date and time written shall be adjusted so that they appear in
the timezone of the user (as determined by the TZ variable).
Neither this, nor warning messages concerning the selection of the
command interpreter, are considered a diagnostic that changes the
exit status.
Diagnostic messages, if any, shall be written to standard error.
None.
None.
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
The job shall not be scheduled.
The following sections are informative.
It may be useful to redirect standard output within the specified
commands.
1. This sequence can be used at a terminal:
batch
sort < file >outfile
EOT
2. This sequence, which demonstrates redirecting standard error
to a pipe, is useful in a command procedure (the sequence of
output redirection specifications is significant):
batch <<!
diff file1 file2 2>&1 >outfile | mailx mygroup
!
Early proposals described batch in a manner totally separated from
at, even though the historical model treated it almost as a
synonym for at -qb. A number of features were added to list and
control batch work separately from those in at. Upon further
reflection, it was decided that the benefit of this did not merit
the change to the historical interface.
The -m option was included on the equivalent at command because it
is historical practice to mail results to the submitter, even if
all job-produced output is redirected. As explained in the
RATIONALE for at, the now keyword submits the job for immediate
execution (after scheduling delays), despite some historical
systems where at now would have been considered an error.
None.
at(1p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8,
Environment Variables
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 BATCH(1P)
Pages that refer to this page: at(1p)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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