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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | LEGACY ISSUES | FILES | SEE ALSO | AUTHORS | COLOPHON |
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RPM(8) RPM(8)
rpm - RPM Package Manager
QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
rpm --querytags
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {--reinstall} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodb] [--nodeps]
[--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
MISCELLANEOUS:
rpm --showrc
rpm --restore [select-options]
select-options
[PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all [SELECTOR]] [-f,--file FILE] [--path
PATH] [-g,--group GROUP] [-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE] [--hdrid
SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID] [--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--trig‐
geredby PACKAGE_NAME] [--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires
CAPABILITY] [--whatrecommends CAPABILITY] [--whatsuggests CAPA‐
BILITY] [--whatsupplements CAPABILITY] [--whatenhances CAPABILI‐
TY] [--whatobsoletes CAPABILITY] [--whatconflicts CAPABILITY]
query-options
General: [--changelog] [--changes] [--dupes] [-i,--info] [--last]
[--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT] [--xml] [--json]
Dependencies: [--conflicts] [--enhances] [--obsoletes] [--pro‐
vides] [--recommends] [-R,--requires] [--suggests] [--supple‐
ments]
Files: [-c,--configfiles] [-d,--docfiles] [--dump] [--fileclass]
[--filecolor] [--fileprovide][--filerequire] [--filecaps]
[--filesbypkg] [-l,--list] [-s,--state] [--noartifact]
[--noghost] [--noconfig]
Scripts and triggers: [--filetriggers] [--scripts] [--trig‐
gers,--triggerscripts]
verify-options
[--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts] [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
[--nolinkto] [--nofiledigest] [--nosize] [--nouser] [--nogroup]
[--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev] [--nocaps]
install-options
[--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OLDPATH] [--excludedocs]
[--force] [-h,--hash] [--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
[--includedocs] [--justdb] [–nodb] [--nodeps] [--nodigest] [--no‐
plugins] [--nocaps] [--noorder] [--noverify] [--nosignature]
[--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix
NEWPATH] [--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH] [--replacefiles] [--repla‐
cepkgs] [--test]
rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build,
install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software
packages. A package consists of an archive of files and meta-da‐
ta used to install and erase the archive files. The meta-data
includes helper scripts, file attributes, and descriptive infor‐
mation about the package. Packages come in two varieties: binary
packages, used to encapsulate software to be installed, and
source packages, containing the source code and recipe necessary
to produce binary packages.
One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify,
Install/Upgrade/Freshen/Reinstall, Uninstall, Set Owners/Groups,
Show Querytags, and Show Configuration.
GENERAL OPTIONS
These options can be used in all the different modes.
-?, --help
Print a longer usage message than normal.
--version
Print a single line containing the version number of rpm
being used.
--quiet
Print as little as possible - normally only error messages
will be displayed.
-v, --verbose
Print verbose information - normally routine progress mes‐
sages will be displayed.
-vv Print lots of ugly debugging information.
--rcfile FILELIST
Replace the default list of configuration files to be read
with FILELIST. See rpmrc Configuration for details.
--load FILE
Load an individual macro file.
--macros FILELIST
Replace the list of macro files to be loaded with
FILELIST. See Macro Configuration for details.
--pipe CMD
Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD.
--dbpath DIRECTORY
Use the database in DIRECTORY rather than the default path
/var/lib/rpm
--root DIRECTORY
Use the file system tree rooted at DIRECTORY for all oper‐
ations. Note that this means the database within DIRECTO‐
RY will be used for dependency checks and any scriptlet(s)
(e.g. %post if installing, or %prep if building, a pack‐
age) will be run after a chroot(2) to DIRECTORY.
Note that rpm assumes the environment inside the root is
set up by the caller, such as any mounts needed for the
operation inside the root directory.
-D, --define='MACRO EXPR'
Defines MACRO with value EXPR.
--undefine='MACRO'
Undefines MACRO.
-E, --eval='EXPR'
Prints macro expansion of EXPR.
More - less often needed - options can be found on the rpm-
misc(8) man page.
INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS
In these options, PACKAGE_FILE can be either rpm binary file or
ASCII package manifest (see PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS), and may
be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package
will be downloaded before being installed. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
for information on rpm's ftp and http client support.
The general form of an rpm install command is
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This installs a new package.
The general form of an rpm upgrade command is
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a
newer version. This is the same as install, except all other
version(s) of the package are removed after the new package is
installed.
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This will upgrade packages, but only ones for which an earlier
version is installed.
The general form of an rpm reinstall command is
rpm {--reinstall} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
This reinstalls a previously installed package.
--allfiles
Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the pack‐
age, regardless if they exist.
--badreloc
Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file
paths, not just those OLDPATH's included in the binary
package relocation hint(s).
--excludepath OLDPATH
Don't install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.
--excludeartifacts
Don't install any files which are marked as artifacts,
such as build-id links.
--excludedocs
Don't install any files which are marked as documentation
(which includes man pages and texinfo documents).
--force
Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --old‐
package.
-h, --hash
Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.
Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.
--ignoresize
Don't check mount file systems for sufficient disk space
before installing this package.
--ignorearch
Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures
of the binary package and host don't match.
--ignoreos
Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating sys‐
tems of the binary package and host don't match.
--includedocs
Install documentation files. This is the default behav‐
ior.
--justdb
Update only the database, not the filesystem.
--nodb Update only the filesystem, not the database.
--nodigest
Don't verify package or header digests when reading.
--nomanifest
Don't process non-package files as manifests.
--nosignature
Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.
--nodeps
Don't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading
a package.
--nocaps
Don't set file capabilities.
--noorder
Don't reorder the packages for an install. The list of
packages would normally be reordered to satisfy dependen‐
cies.
--noverify
Don't perform verify package files prior to installation.
--noplugins
Do not load and execute plugins.
--noscripts, --nopre, --nopost, --nopreun, --nopostun, --nopre‐
trans, --noposttrans, --nopreuntrans, --nopostuntrans
Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --no‐
scripts option is equivalent to
--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun --nopretrans --noposttrans
--nopreuntrans --nopostuntrans
and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post,
%preun, %postun %pretrans, %posttrans, %preuntrans and %postun‐
trans scriptlet(s).
--notriggers, --notriggerin, --notriggerun, --notriggerprein,
--notriggerpostun
Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type.
The --notriggers option is equivalent to
--notriggerprein --notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun
and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerprein,
%triggerin, %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
--nosysusers
Don’t create sysusers from packages
--oldpackage
Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older
one.
--percent
Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package
archive. This is intended to make rpm easy to run from
other tools.
--prefix NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths
that start with the installation prefix in the package re‐
location hint(s) to NEWPATH.
--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths
that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s)
to NEWPATH. This option can be used repeatedly if several
OLDPATH's in the package are to be relocated.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from oth‐
er, already installed, packages.
--replacepkgs
Install the packages even if some of them are already in‐
stalled on this system.
--test Do not install the package, simply check for and report
potential conflicts.
ERASE OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm erase command is
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--no‐
scripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
The following options may also be used:
--allmatches
Remove all versions of the package which match PACK‐
AGE_NAME. Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME
matches multiple packages.
--justdb
Update only the database, not the filesystem.
--nodeps
Don't check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.
--noscripts, --nopreun, --nopostun
Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --no‐
scripts option during package erase is equivalent to
--nopreun --nopostun
and turns off the execution of the corresponding %preun, and
%postun scriptlet(s).
--notriggers, --notriggerun, --notriggerpostun
Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type.
The --notriggers option is equivalent to
--notriggerun --notriggerpostun
and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerun, and
%triggerpostun scriptlet(s).
--test Don't really uninstall anything, just go through the mo‐
tions. Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for de‐
bugging.
QUERY OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm query command is
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
You may specify the format that package information should be
printed in. To do this, you use the
--qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT
option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string. Query formats
are modified versions of the standard printf(3) formatting. The
format is made up of static strings (which may include standard C
character escapes for newlines, tabs, and other special charac‐
ters (not including \0)) and printf(3) type formatters. As rpm
already knows the type to print, the type specifier must be omit‐
ted however, and replaced by the name of the header tag to be
printed, enclosed by {} characters. Tag names are case insensi‐
tive, and the leading RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may be
omitted as well.
Alternate output formats may be requested by following the tag
with :typetag. Currently, the following types are supported:
:armor Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.
:arraysize
Display number of elements in array tags.
:base64
Encode binary data using base64.
:date Use strftime(3) "%c" format.
:day Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.
:depflags
Format dependency comparison operator.
:deptype
Format dependency type.
:expand
Perform macro expansion.
:fflags
Format file flags.
:fstate
Format file state.
:fstatus
Format file verify status.
:hex Format in hexadecimal.
:octal Format in octal.
:humaniec
Human readable number (in IEC 80000). The suffix K =
1024, M = 1048576, ...
:humansi
Human readable number (in SI). The suffix K = 1000, M =
1000000, ...
:json Wrap data in JSON.
:perms Format file permissions.
:pgpsig
Display signature fingerprint and time.
:shescape
Escape single quotes for use in a script.
:string
Display string format. (default)
:tagname
Display tag name.
:tagnum
Display tag number.
:triggertype
Display trigger suffix.
:vflags
File verification flags.
:xml Wrap data in simple xml markup.
For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you
could use %{NAME} as the format string. To print the packages
name and distribution information in two columns, you could use
%-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}. rpm will print a list of all of the
tags it knows about when it is invoked with the --querytags argu‐
ment.
There are three subsets of options for querying: package selec‐
tion, file selection and information selection.
PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:
PACKAGE_NAME
Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME. To specify
the package more precisely the package name may be fol‐
lowed by the version or version and release both separated
by a dash or an architecture name separated by a dot. See
the output of rpm -qa or rpm -qp PACKAGE_FILE as an exam‐
ple.
-a, --all [SELECTOR]
Query all installed packages.
An optional SELECTOR in the form of tag=pattern can be provided
to narrow the selection, for example name="b*" to query packages
whose name starts with "b".
--dupes
List duplicated packages.
-f, --file FILE
Query package owning installed FILE.
--filecaps
List file names with POSIX1.e capabilities.
--fileclass
List file names with their classes (libmagic classifica‐
tion).
--filecolor
List file names with their colors (0 for noarch, 1 for
32bit, 2 for 64 bit).
--fileprovide
List file names with their provides.
--filerequire
List file names with their requires.
-g, --group GROUP
Query packages with the group of GROUP.
--hdrid SHA1
Query package that contains a given header identifier,
i.e. the SHA1 digest of the immutable header region.
-p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE. The PACK‐
AGE_FILE may be specified as an ftp or http style URL, in
which case the package header will be downloaded and
queried. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's
ftp and http client support. The PACKAGE_FILE argu‐
ment(s), if not a binary package, will be interpreted as
an ASCII package manifest unless --nomanifest option is
used. In manifests, comments are permitted, starting with
a '#', and each line of a package manifest file may in‐
clude white space separated glob expressions, including
URL's, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted
in place of the package manifest as additional PACK‐
AGE_FILE arguments to the query.
--path PATH
Query package(s) owning PATH, whether the file is in‐
stalled or not. Multiple packages may own a PATH, but the
file is only owned by the package installed last.
--pkgid MD5
Query package that contains a given package identifier,
i.e. the MD5 digest of the combined header and payload
contents.
--querybynumber HDRNUM
Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful
only for debugging.
--specfile SPECFILE
Parse and query SPECFILE as if it were a package. Al‐
though not all the information (e.g. file lists) is avail‐
able, this type of query permits rpm to be used to extract
information from spec files without having to write a
specfile parser.
--tid TID
Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identi‐
fier. A unix time stamp is currently used as a transac‐
tion identifier. All package(s) installed or erased with‐
in a single transaction have a common identifier.
--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACK‐
AGE_NAME.
--whatobsoletes CAPABILITY
Query all packages that obsolete CAPABILITY for proper
functioning.
--whatprovides CAPABILITY
Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.
--whatrequires CAPABILITY
Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for proper
functioning.
--whatconflicts CAPABILITY
Query all packages that conflict with CAPABILITY.
--whatrecommends CAPABILITY
Query all packages that recommend CAPABILITY.
--whatsuggests CAPABILITY
Query all packages that suggest CAPABILITY.
--whatsupplements CAPABILITY
Query all packages that supplement CAPABILITY.
--whatenhances CAPABILITY
Query all packages that enhance CAPABILITY.
PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:
--changelog
Display change information for the package.
--changes
Display change information for the package with full time
stamps.
--conflicts
List capabilities this package conflicts with.
--dump Dump file information as follows (implies -l):
path size mtime digest mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink
--enhances
List capabilities enhanced by package(s)
--filesbypkg
List all the files in each selected package.
--filetriggers
List filetrigger scriptlets from package(s).
-i, --info
Display package information, including name, version, and
description. This uses the --queryformat if one was spec‐
ified.
--last Orders the package listing by install time such that the
latest packages are at the top.
-l, --list
List files in package.
--obsoletes
List packages this package obsoletes.
--provides
List capabilities this package provides.
--recommends
List capabilities recommended by package(s)
-R, --requires
List capabilities on which this package depends.
--suggests
List capabilities suggested by package(s)
--supplements
List capabilities supplemented by package(s)
--scripts
List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as
part of the installation and uninstallation processes.
-s, --state
Display the states of files in the package (implies -l).
The state of each file is one of normal, not installed, or
replaced.
--triggers, --triggerscripts
Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained
in the package. --xml Format package headers as XML.
FILE SELECTION OPTIONS:
-A, --artifactfiles
Only include artifact files (implies -l).
-c, --configfiles
Only include configuration files (implies -l).
-d, --docfiles
Only include documentation files (implies -l).
-L, --licensefiles
Only include license files (implies -l).
--noartifact
Exclude artifact files.
--noconfig
Exclude config files.
--noghost
Exclude ghost files.
VERIFY OPTIONS
The general form of an rpm verify command is
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
Verifying a package compares information about the installed
files in the package with information about the files taken from
the package metadata stored in the rpm database. Among other
things, verifying compares the size, digest, permissions, type,
owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are displayed.
Files that were not installed from the package, for example, doc‐
umentation files excluded on installation using the "--exclude‐
docs" option, will be silently ignored.
The package and file selection options are the same as for pack‐
age querying (including package manifest files as arguments).
Other options unique to verify mode are:
--nodeps
Don't verify dependencies of packages.
--nodigest
Don't verify package or header digests when reading.
--nofiles
Don't verify any attributes of package files.
--noscripts
Don't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).
--nosignature
Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.
--nolinkto
--nofiledigest (formerly --nomd5)
--nosize
--nomtime
--nomode
--nordev
Don't verify the corresponding file attribute.
--nouser
--nogroup
Don't verify file user/group ownership. Note that only
local passwd(5) and group(5) databases are consulted.
--nocaps
Don't verify file capabilities.
The format of the output is a string of 9 characters, a possible
attribute marker:
a %artifact a build side-effect file (such as buildid links)
c %config configuration file.
d %doc documentation file.
g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
l %license license file.
m %missingok file missing is not a verify failure.
r %readme readme file.
from the package header, followed by the file name. Each of the
9 characters denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s)
of the file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the
database. A single "." (period) means the test passed, while a
single "?" (question mark) indicates the test could not be per‐
formed (e.g. file permissions prevent reading). Otherwise, the
(mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the corre‐
sponding --verify test:
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs
P caPabilities differ
MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
rpm --showrc
shows the values rpm will use for all of the options are
currently set in rpmrc and macros configuration file(s).
rpm --setperms | --setugids | --setcaps PACKAGE_NAME
obsolete aliases for --restore
rpm --restore [select-options]
The option restores file metadata such as timestamp, own‐
er, group, permissions and capabilities of files in pack‐
ages.
FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be
queried or installed from the internet. Package files for in‐
stall, upgrade, and query operations may be specified as an ftp
or http style URL:
http://HOST[:PORT]/path/to/package.rpm
ftp://[USER:PASSWORD]@HOST[:PORT]/path/to/package.rpm
If both the user and password are omitted, anonymous ftp is used.
rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:
rpm allows the following options to be used with
http and ftp URLs:
--httpproxy HOST
The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http
and ftp transfers. This option may also be specified by
configuring the macro %_httpproxy.
--httpport PORT
The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the
proxy http server instead of the default port. This op‐
tion may also be specified by configuring the macro
%_httpport.
Executing rpmbuild
The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild
executable. Install the package containing rpmbuild (usually
rpm-build) and see rpmbuild(8) for documentation of all the rpm
build modes.
rpmrc Configuration
Each file in the colon separated rpmrc path is read sequentially
by rpm for configuration information. Only the first file in the
list must exist, and tildes will be expanded to the value of
$HOME. The default rpmrc path is as follows:
/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:
/usr/lib/rpm/<vendor>/rpmrc:
/etc/rpmrc:
~/.config/rpm/rpmrc
If XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is set, it replaces
~/.config in the path.
In older rpm versions the path of per-user rpmrc was ~/.rpmrc.
This is still processed if it exists and the new configuration
directory does not exist.
Macro Configuration
Each file or glob(7) pattern in the colon-separated macro path is
read sequentially by rpm for macro definitions. Tildes will be
expanded to the value of the environment variable HOME. The de‐
fault macro path is as follows:
/usr/lib/rpm/macros:
/usr/lib/rpm/macros.d/macros.*:
/usr/lib/rpm/platform/%{_target}/macros:
/usr/lib/rpm/fileattrs/*.attr:
/usr/lib/rpm/<vendor>/macros:
/etc/rpm/macros.*:
/etc/rpm/macros:
/etc/rpm/%{_target}/macros:
~/.config/rpm/macros
If XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is set, it replaces
~/.config in the path.
In older versions of rpm, the path of per-user macros was ~/.rpm‐
macros. This is still processed if it exists and the new config‐
uration directory does not exist.
Database
/var/lib/rpm/
Temporary
/var/tmp/rpm*
rpm-misc(8), popt(3), rpm2cpio(8), rpmbuild(8), rpmdb(8),
rpmkeys(8), rpmsign(8), rpmspec(8)
rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt
aliases it's impossible to guarantee that what's described in the
manual matches what's available.
http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>
Marc Ewing <marc@redhat.com>
Jeff Johnson <jbj@redhat.com>
Erik Troan <ewt@redhat.com>
This page is part of the rpm (RPM Package Manager) project. In‐
formation about the project can be found at
⟨https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm⟩. It is not known
how to report bugs for this man page; if you know, please send a
mail to man-pages@man7.org. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm.git⟩ on
2024-06-14. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit
that was found in the repository was 2024-06-14.) If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
09 June 2002 RPM(8)
Pages that refer to this page: yum-versionlock(1), daemon(7), rpm2archive(8), rpm2cpio(8), rpmbuild(8), rpmdb(8), rpmdeps(8), rpmkeys(8), rpmlua(8), rpm-plugin-ima(8), rpm-plugin-prioreset(8), rpm-plugins(8), rpm-plugin-selinux(8), rpm-plugin-syslog(8), rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit(8), rpmsign(8), rpmspec(8), yumdb(8)
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