rpm(8) — Linux manual page

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RPM(8)                                                            RPM(8)

NAME         top

       rpm - RPM Package Manager

SYNOPSIS         top

   QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:
       rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

       rpm --querytags

       rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]

   INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:
       rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       rpm {--reinstall} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodb] [--nodeps]
       [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...

   MISCELLANEOUS:
       rpm --showrc

       rpm --restore [select-options]

   select-options
       [PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all [SELECTOR]] [-f,--file FILE] [--path
       PATH] [-g,--group GROUP] [-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE] [--hdrid
       SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID] [--querybynumber HDRNUM]
       [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME] [--whatprovides CAPABILITY]
       [--whatrequires CAPABILITY] [--whatrecommends CAPABILITY]
       [--whatsuggests CAPABILITY] [--whatsupplements CAPABILITY]
       [--whatenhances CAPABILITY] [--whatobsoletes CAPABILITY]
       [--whatconflicts CAPABILITY]

   query-options
       General: [--changelog] [--changes] [--dupes] [-i,--info] [--last]
       [--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT] [--xml]

       Dependencies: [--conflicts] [--enhances] [--obsoletes]
       [--provides] [--recommends] [-R,--requires] [--suggests]
       [--supplements]

       Files: [-c,--configfiles] [-d,--docfiles] [--dump] [--fileclass]
       [--filecolor] [--fileprovide][--filerequire] [--filecaps]
       [--filesbypkg] [-l,--list] [-s,--state] [--noartifact]
       [--noghost] [--noconfig]

       Scripts and triggers: [--filetriggers] [--scripts]
       [--triggers,--triggerscripts]

   verify-options
       [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts] [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
       [--nolinkto] [--nofiledigest] [--nosize] [--nouser] [--nogroup]
       [--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev] [--nocaps]

   install-options
       [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OLDPATH] [--excludedocs]
       [--force] [-h,--hash] [--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
       [--includedocs] [--justdb] [–nodb] [--nodeps] [--nodigest]
       [--noplugins] [--nocaps] [--noorder] [--noverify] [--nosignature]
       [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix
       NEWPATH] [--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH] [--replacefiles]
       [--replacepkgs] [--test]

DESCRIPTION         top

       rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build,
       install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software
       packages.  A package consists of an archive of files and meta-
       data used to install and erase the archive files.  The meta-data
       includes helper scripts, file attributes, and descriptive
       information about the package.  Packages come in two varieties:
       binary packages, used to encapsulate software to be installed,
       and source packages, containing the source code and recipe
       necessary to produce binary packages.

       One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify,
       Install/Upgrade/Freshen/Reinstall, Uninstall, Set Owners/Groups,
       Show Querytags, and Show Configuration.

   GENERAL OPTIONS
       These options can be used in all the different modes.

       -?, --help
              Print a longer usage message than normal.

       --version
              Print a single line containing the version number of rpm
              being used.

       --quiet
              Print as little as possible - normally only error messages
              will be displayed.

       -v, --verbose
              Print verbose information - normally routine progress
              messages will be displayed.

       -vv    Print lots of ugly debugging information.

       --rcfile FILELIST
              Replace the list of configuration files to be read.  Each
              of the files in the colon separated FILELIST is read
              sequentially by rpm for configuration information.  Only
              the first file in the list must exist, and tildes will be
              expanded to the value of $HOME.  The default FILELIST is
              /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.

       --load FILE
              Load an individual macro file.

       --macros FILELIST
              Replace the list of macro files to be loaded.  Each of the
              files in the colon separated FILELIST is read sequentially
              by rpm for macro definitions.  Only the first file in the
              list must exist, and tildes will be expanded to the value
              of $HOME.  The default FILELIST is
              /usr/lib/rpm/macros:/usr/lib/rpm/macros.d/macros.*:/usr/lib/rpm/platform/%{_target}/macros:/usr/lib/rpm/fileattrs/*.attr:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros:/etc/rpm/macros.*:/etc/rpm/macros:/etc/rpm/%{_target}/macros:~/.rpmmacros

       --pipe CMD
              Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD.

       --dbpath DIRECTORY
              Use the database in DIRECTORY rather than the default path
              /var/lib/rpm

       --root DIRECTORY
              Use the file system tree rooted at DIRECTORY for all
              operations.  Note that this means the database within
              DIRECTORY will be used for dependency checks and any
              scriptlet(s) (e.g. %post if installing, or %prep if
              building, a package) will be run after a chroot(2) to
              DIRECTORY.

              Note that rpm assumes the environment inside the root is
              set up by the caller, such as any mounts needed for the
              operation inside the root directory.

       -D, --define='MACRO EXPR'
              Defines MACRO with value EXPR.

       --undefine='MACRO'
              Undefines MACRO.

       -E, --eval='EXPR'
              Prints macro expansion of EXPR.

       More - less often needed - options can be found on the rpm-
       misc(8) man page.

   INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS
       In these options, PACKAGE_FILE can be either rpm binary file or
       ASCII package manifest (see PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS), and may
       be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package
       will be downloaded before being installed.  See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
       for information on rpm's ftp and http client support.

       The general form of an rpm install command is

       rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       This installs a new package.

       The general form of an rpm upgrade command is

       rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a
       newer version.  This is the same as install, except all other
       version(s) of the package are removed after the new package is
       installed.

       rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       This will upgrade packages, but only ones for which an earlier
       version is installed.

       The general form of an rpm reinstall command is

       rpm {--reinstall} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

       This reinstalls a previously installed package.

       --allfiles
              Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the
              package, regardless if they exist.

       --badreloc
              Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file
              paths, not just those OLDPATH's included in the binary
              package relocation hint(s).

       --excludepath OLDPATH
              Don't install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.

       --excludeartifacts
              Don't install any files which are marked as artifacts,
              such as build-id links.

       --excludedocs
              Don't install any files which are marked as documentation
              (which includes man pages and texinfo documents).

       --force
              Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and
              --oldpackage.

       -h, --hash
              Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.
              Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.

       --ignoresize
              Don't check mount file systems for sufficient disk space
              before installing this package.

       --ignorearch
              Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures
              of the binary package and host don't match.

       --ignoreos
              Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating
              systems of the binary package and host don't match.

       --includedocs
              Install documentation files.  This is the default
              behavior.

       --justdb
              Update only the database, not the filesystem.

       --nodb Update only the filesystem, not the database.

       --nodigest
              Don't verify package or header digests when reading.

       --nomanifest
              Don't process non-package files as manifests.

       --nosignature
              Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.

       --nodeps
              Don't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading
              a package.

       --nocaps
              Don't set file capabilities.

       --noorder
              Don't reorder the packages for an install.  The list of
              packages would normally be reordered to satisfy
              dependencies.

       --noverify
              Don't perform verify package files prior to installation.

       --noplugins
              Do not load and execute plugins.

       --noscripts, --nopre, --nopost, --nopreun, --nopostun,
       --nopretrans, --noposttrans, --nopreuntrans, --nopostuntrans
              Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name.  The
              --noscripts option is equivalent to

       --nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun --nopretrans --noposttrans
       --nopreuntrans --nopostuntrans

       and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post,
       %preun, %postun %pretrans, %posttrans, %preuntrans and
       %postuntrans scriptlet(s).

       --notriggers, --notriggerin, --notriggerun, --notriggerprein,
       --notriggerpostun
              Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type.
              The --notriggers option is equivalent to

       --notriggerprein --notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun

       and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerprein,
       %triggerin, %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).

       --nosysusers
              Don’t create sysusers from packages

       --oldpackage
              Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older
              one.

       --percent
              Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package
              archive.  This is intended to make rpm easy to run from
              other tools.

       --prefix NEWPATH
              For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths
              that start with the installation prefix in the package
              relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.

       --relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
              For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths
              that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s)
              to NEWPATH.  This option can be used repeatedly if several
              OLDPATH's in the package are to be relocated.

       --replacefiles
              Install the packages even if they replace files from
              other, already installed, packages.

       --replacepkgs
              Install the packages even if some of them are already
              installed on this system.

       --test Do not install the package, simply check for and report
              potential conflicts.

   ERASE OPTIONS
       The general form of an rpm erase command is

       rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodeps]
       [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...

       The following options may also be used:

       --allmatches
              Remove all versions of the package which match
              PACKAGE_NAME.  Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME
              matches multiple packages.

       --justdb
              Update only the database, not the filesystem.

       --nodeps
              Don't check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.

       --noscripts, --nopreun, --nopostun
              Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name.  The
              --noscripts option during package erase is equivalent to

       --nopreun --nopostun

       and turns off the execution of the corresponding %preun, and
       %postun scriptlet(s).

       --notriggers, --notriggerun, --notriggerpostun
              Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type.
              The --notriggers option is equivalent to

       --notriggerun --notriggerpostun

       and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerun, and
       %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).

       --test Don't really uninstall anything, just go through the
              motions.  Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for
              debugging.

   QUERY OPTIONS
       The general form of an rpm query command is

       rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

       You may specify the format that package information should be
       printed in.  To do this, you use the

       --qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT

       option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string.  Query formats
       are modified versions of the standard printf(3) formatting.  The
       format is made up of static strings (which may include standard C
       character escapes for newlines, tabs, and other special
       characters (not including \0)) and printf(3) type formatters.  As
       rpm already knows the type to print, the type specifier must be
       omitted however, and replaced by the name of the header tag to be
       printed, enclosed by {} characters.  Tag names are case
       insensitive, and the leading RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may
       be omitted as well.

       Alternate output formats may be requested by following the tag
       with :typetag.  Currently, the following types are supported:

       :armor Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.

       :arraysize
              Display number of elements in array tags.

       :base64
              Encode binary data using base64.

       :date  Use strftime(3) "%c" format.

       :day   Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.

       :depflags
              Format dependency comparison operator.

       :deptype
              Format dependency type.

       :expand
              Perform macro expansion.

       :fflags
              Format file flags.

       :fstate
              Format file state.

       :fstatus
              Format file verify status.

       :hex   Format in hexadecimal.

       :octal Format in octal.

       :humaniec
              Human readable number (in IEC 80000).  The suffix K =
              1024, M = 1048576, ...

       :humansi
              Human readable number (in SI).  The suffix K = 1000, M =
              1000000, ...

       :perms Format file permissions.

       :pgpsig
              Display signature fingerprint and time.

       :shescape
              Escape single quotes for use in a script.

       :string
              Display string format.  (default)

       :tagname
              Display tag name.

       :tagnum
              Display tag number.

       :triggertype
              Display trigger suffix.

       :vflags
              File verification flags.

       :xml   Wrap data in simple xml markup.

       For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you
       could use %{NAME} as the format string.  To print the packages
       name and distribution information in two columns, you could use
       %-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}.  rpm will print a list of all of the
       tags it knows about when it is invoked with the --querytags
       argument.

       There are three subsets of options for querying: package
       selection, file selection and information selection.

   PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:
       PACKAGE_NAME
              Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.  To specify
              the package more precisely the package name may be
              followed by the version or version and release both
              separated by a dash or an architecture name separated by a
              dot.  See the output of rpm -qa or rpm -qp PACKAGE_FILE as
              an example.

       -a, --all [SELECTOR]
              Query all installed packages.

       An optional SELECTOR in the form of tag=pattern can be provided
       to narrow the selection, for example name="b*" to query packages
       whose name starts with "b".

       --dupes
              List duplicated packages.

       -f, --file FILE
              Query package owning installed FILE.

       --filecaps
              List file names with POSIX1.e capabilities.

       --fileclass
              List file names with their classes (libmagic
              classification).

       --filecolor
              List file names with their colors (0 for noarch, 1 for
              32bit, 2 for 64 bit).

       --fileprovide
              List file names with their provides.

       --filerequire
              List file names with their requires.

       -g, --group GROUP
              Query packages with the group of GROUP.

       --hdrid SHA1
              Query package that contains a given header identifier,
              i.e. the SHA1 digest of the immutable header region.

       -p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
              Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE.  The
              PACKAGE_FILE may be specified as an ftp or http style URL,
              in which case the package header will be downloaded and
              queried.  See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's
              ftp and http client support.  The PACKAGE_FILE
              argument(s), if not a binary package, will be interpreted
              as an ASCII package manifest unless --nomanifest option is
              used.  In manifests, comments are permitted, starting with
              a '#', and each line of a package manifest file may
              include white space separated glob expressions, including
              URL's, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted
              in place of the package manifest as additional
              PACKAGE_FILE arguments to the query.

       --path PATH
              Query package(s) owning PATH, whether the file is
              installed or not.  Multiple packages may own a PATH, but
              the file is only owned by the package installed last.

       --pkgid MD5
              Query package that contains a given package identifier,
              i.e. the MD5 digest of the combined header and payload
              contents.

       --querybynumber HDRNUM
              Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful
              only for debugging.

       --specfile SPECFILE
              Parse and query SPECFILE as if it were a package.
              Although not all the information (e.g. file lists) is
              available, this type of query permits rpm to be used to
              extract information from spec files without having to
              write a specfile parser.

       --tid TID
              Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction
              identifier.  A unix time stamp is currently used as a
              transaction identifier.  All package(s) installed or
              erased within a single transaction have a common
              identifier.

       --triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
              Query packages that are triggered by package(s)
              PACKAGE_NAME.

       --whatobsoletes CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that obsolete CAPABILITY for proper
              functioning.

       --whatprovides CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.

       --whatrequires CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for proper
              functioning.

       --whatconflicts CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that conflict with CAPABILITY.

       --whatrecommends CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that recommend CAPABILITY.

       --whatsuggests CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that suggest CAPABILITY.

       --whatsupplements CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that supplement CAPABILITY.

       --whatenhances CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that enhance CAPABILITY.

   PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:
       --changelog
              Display change information for the package.

       --changes
              Display change information for the package with full time
              stamps.

       --conflicts
              List capabilities this package conflicts with.

       --dump Dump file information as follows (implies -l):

                     path size mtime digest mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink

       --enhances
              List capabilities enhanced by package(s)

       --filesbypkg
              List all the files in each selected package.

       --filetriggers
              List filetrigger scriptlets from package(s).

       -i, --info
              Display package information, including name, version, and
              description.  This uses the --queryformat if one was
              specified.

       --last Orders the package listing by install time such that the
              latest packages are at the top.

       -l, --list
              List files in package.

       --obsoletes
              List packages this package obsoletes.

       --provides
              List capabilities this package provides.

       --recommends
              List capabilities recommended by package(s)

       -R, --requires
              List capabilities on which this package depends.

       --suggests
              List capabilities suggested by package(s)

       --supplements
              List capabilities supplemented by package(s)

       --scripts
              List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as
              part of the installation and uninstallation processes.

       -s, --state
              Display the states of files in the package (implies -l).
              The state of each file is one of normal, not installed, or
              replaced.

       --triggers, --triggerscripts
              Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained
              in the package.  --xml Format package headers as XML.

   FILE SELECTION OPTIONS:
       -A, --artifactfiles
              Only include artifact files (implies -l).

       -c, --configfiles
              Only include configuration files (implies -l).

       -d, --docfiles
              Only include documentation files (implies -l).

       -L, --licensefiles
              Only include license files (implies -l).

       --noartifact
              Exclude artifact files.

       --noconfig
              Exclude config files.

       --noghost
              Exclude ghost files.

   VERIFY OPTIONS
       The general form of an rpm verify command is

       rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]

       Verifying a package compares information about the installed
       files in the package with information about the files taken from
       the package metadata stored in the rpm database.  Among other
       things, verifying compares the size, digest, permissions, type,
       owner and group of each file.  Any discrepancies are displayed.
       Files that were not installed from the package, for example,
       documentation files excluded on installation using the
       "--excludedocs" option, will be silently ignored.

       The package and file selection options are the same as for
       package querying (including package manifest files as arguments).
       Other options unique to verify mode are:

       --nodeps
              Don't verify dependencies of packages.

       --nodigest
              Don't verify package or header digests when reading.

       --nofiles
              Don't verify any attributes of package files.

       --noscripts
              Don't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).

       --nosignature
              Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.

       --nolinkto

       --nofiledigest (formerly --nomd5)

       --nosize

       --nomtime

       --nomode

       --nordev
              Don't verify the corresponding file attribute.

       --nouser

       --nogroup
              Don't verify file user/group ownership.  Note that only
              local passwd(5) and group(5) databases are consulted.

       --nocaps
              Don't verify file capabilities.

       The format of the output is a string of 9 characters, a possible
       attribute marker:

              c %config configuration file.
              d %doc documentation file.
              g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
              l %license license file.
              r %readme readme file.

       from the package header, followed by the file name.  Each of the
       9 characters denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s)
       of the file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the
       database.  A single "." (period) means the test passed, while a
       single "?" (question mark) indicates the test could not be
       performed (e.g. file permissions prevent reading).  Otherwise,
       the (mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the
       corresponding --verify test:

              S file Size differs
              M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
              5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
              D Device major/minor number mismatch
              L readLink(2) path mismatch
              U User ownership differs
              G Group ownership differs
              T mTime differs
              P caPabilities differ

   MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
       rpm --showrc
              shows the values rpm will use for all of the options are
              currently set in rpmrc and macros configuration file(s).

       rpm --setperms | --setugids | --setcaps PACKAGE_NAME
              obsolete aliases for --restore

       rpm --restore [select-options]
              The option restores file metadata such as timestamp,
              owner, group, permissions and capabilities of files in
              packages.

   FTP/HTTP OPTIONS
       rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be
       queried or installed from the internet.  Package files for
       install, upgrade, and query operations may be specified as an ftp
       or http style URL:

       http://HOST[:PORT]/path/to/package.rpm

       ftp://[USER:PASSWORD]@HOST[:PORT]/path/to/package.rpm

       If both the user and password are omitted, anonymous ftp is used.

       rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:

       rpm allows the following options to be used with
              http and ftp URLs:

       --httpproxy HOST
              The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http
              and ftp transfers.  This option may also be specified by
              configuring the macro %_httpproxy.

       --httpport PORT
              The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the
              proxy http server instead of the default port.  This
              option may also be specified by configuring the macro
              %_httpport.

LEGACY ISSUES         top

   Executing rpmbuild
       The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild
       executable.  Install the package containing rpmbuild (usually
       rpm-build) and see rpmbuild(8) for documentation of all the rpm
       build modes.

FILES         top

   rpmrc Configuration
              /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
              /usr/lib/rpm/<vendor>/rpmrc
              /etc/rpmrc
              ~/.rpmrc

   Macro Configuration
              /usr/lib/rpm/macros
              /usr/lib/rpm/<vendor>/macros
              /etc/rpm/macros
              ~/.rpmmacros

   Database
              /var/lib/rpm/Basenames
              /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
              /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
              /var/lib/rpm/Group
              /var/lib/rpm/Installtid
              /var/lib/rpm/Name
              /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename
              /var/lib/rpm/Packages
              /var/lib/rpm/Providename
              /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
              /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
              /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
              /var/lib/rpm/Triggername

   Temporary
       /var/tmp/rpm*

SEE ALSO         top

       rpm-misc(8), popt(3), rpm2cpio(8), rpmbuild(8), rpmdb(8),
       rpmkeys(8), rpmsign(8), rpmspec(8)

       rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt
       aliases it's impossible to guarantee that what's described in the
       manual matches what's available.

       http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>

AUTHORS         top

              Marc Ewing <marc@redhat.com>
              Jeff Johnson <jbj@redhat.com>
              Erik Troan <ewt@redhat.com>

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the rpm (RPM Package Manager) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm⟩.  It is not known
       how to report bugs for this man page; if you know, please send a
       mail to man-pages@man7.org.  This page was obtained from the
       project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm.git⟩ on
       2023-12-22.  (At that time, the date of the most recent commit
       that was found in the repository was 2023-12-15.)  If you
       discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
       or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
       the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
       information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
       manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org

                              09 June 2002                        RPM(8)

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