slapd(8) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | BUGS | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | COLOPHON

SLAPD(8C)                                                      SLAPD(8C)

NAME         top

       slapd - Stand-alone LDAP Daemon

SYNOPSIS         top

       LIBEXECDIR/slapd [-V[V[V]] [-4|-6] [-T {acl|a[dd]|auth|c[at]|
       d[n]|i[ndex]|p[asswd]|s[chema]|t[est]}] [-d debug-level]
       [-f slapd-config-file] [-F slapd-config-directory] [-h URLs]
       [-n service-name] [-s syslog-level] [-l syslog-local-user]
       [-o option[=value]] [-r directory] [-u user] [-g group]
       [-c cookie]

DESCRIPTION         top

       Slapd is the stand-alone LDAP daemon. It listens for LDAP
       connections on any number of ports (default 389), responding to
       the LDAP operations it receives over these connections.  slapd is
       typically invoked at boot time, usually out of /etc/rc.local.
       Upon startup, slapd normally forks and disassociates itself from
       the invoking tty.  If configured in the config file (or config
       directory), the slapd process will print its process ID (see
       getpid(2)) to a .pid file, as well as the command line options
       during invocation to an .args file (see slapd.conf(5)).  If the
       -d flag is given, even with a zero argument, slapd will not fork
       and disassociate from the invoking tty.

       See the "OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" for more details on
       slapd.

OPTIONS         top

       -V[V[V]]
              Print version info and proceed with startup.  If -VV is
              given, exit after providing version info. If -VVV is
              given, additionally provide information on static overlays
              and backends.

       -4     Listen on IPv4 addresses only.

       -6     Listen on IPv6 addresses only.

       -T tool
              Run in Tool mode. The tool argument selects whether to run
              as slapadd, slapcat, slapdn, slapindex, slappasswd,
              slapschema, or slaptest (slapacl and slapauth need the
              entire acl and auth option value to be spelled out, as a
              is reserved to slapadd).  This option should be the first
              option specified when it is used; any remaining options
              will be interpreted by the corresponding slap tool
              program, according to the respective man pages.  Note that
              these tool programs will usually be symbolic links to
              slapd.  This option is provided for situations where
              symbolic links are not provided or not usable.

       -d debug-level
              Turn on debugging as defined by debug-level.  If this
              option is specified, even with a zero argument, slapd will
              not fork or disassociate from the invoking terminal.  Some
              general operation and status messages are printed for any
              value of debug-level.  debug-level is taken as a bit
              string, with each bit corresponding to a different kind of
              debugging information.  See <ldap_log.h> for details.
              Comma-separated arrays of friendly names can be specified
              to select debugging output of the corresponding debugging
              information.  All the names recognized by the loglevel
              directive described in slapd.conf(5) are supported.  If
              debug-level is ?, a list of installed debug-levels is
              printed, and slapd exits.

              Remember that if you turn on packet logging, packets
              containing bind passwords will be output, so if you
              redirect the log to a logfile, that file should be read-
              protected.

       -s syslog-level
              This option tells slapd at what debug-level debugging
              statements should be logged to the syslog(8) facility.
              The value syslog-level can be set to any value or
              combination allowed by the -d switch.  Slapd logs all
              messages selected by syslog-level at the syslog(3)
              severity debug-level DEBUG, on the unit specified with -l.

       -n service-name
              Specifies the service name for logging and other purposes.
              Defaults to basename of argv[0], i.e.: "slapd".

       -l syslog-local-user
              Selects the local user of the syslog(8) facility. Value
              can be LOCAL0, through LOCAL7, as well as USER and DAEMON.
              The default is LOCAL4.  However, this option is only
              permitted on systems that support local users with the
              syslog(8) facility.  Logging to syslog(8) occurs at the
              "DEBUG" severity debug-level.

       -f slapd-config-file
              Specifies the slapd configuration file. The default is
              ETCDIR/slapd.conf.

       -F slapd-config-directory
              Specifies the slapd configuration directory. The default
              is ETCDIR/slapd.d.  If both -f and -F are specified, the
              config file will be read and converted to config directory
              format and written to the specified directory.  If neither
              option is specified, slapd will attempt to read the
              default config directory before trying to use the default
              config file. If a valid config directory exists then the
              default config file is ignored. All of the slap tools that
              use the config options observe this same behavior.

       -h URLlist
              slapd will by default serve ldap:/// (LDAP over TCP on all
              interfaces on default LDAP port).  That is, it will bind
              using INADDR_ANY and port 389.  The -h option may be used
              to specify LDAP (and other scheme) URLs to serve.  For
              example, if slapd is given -h "ldap://127.0.0.1:9009/
              ldaps:/// ldapi:///", it will listen on 127.0.0.1:9009 for
              LDAP, 0.0.0.0:636 for LDAP over TLS, and LDAP over IPC
              (Unix domain sockets).  Host 0.0.0.0 represents INADDR_ANY
              (any interface).  A space separated list of URLs is
              expected.  The URLs should be of the LDAP, PLDAP, LDAPS,
              PLDAPS, or LDAPI schemes, and generally without a DN or
              other optional parameters (excepting as discussed below).
              Support for the latter three schemes depends on selected
              configuration options. Hosts may be specified by name or
              IPv4 and IPv6 address formats.  Ports, if specified, must
              be numeric.  The default ldap:// port is 389 and the
              default ldaps:// port is 636, same for the proxy enabled
              variants.

              The PLDAP and PLDAPS URL schemes provide support for the
              HAProxy proxy protocol version 2, which allows a load
              balancer or proxy server to provide the remote client IP
              address to slapd to be used for access control or logging.
              Ports configured for PLDAP or PLDAPS will only accept
              connections that include the necessary proxy protocol
              header. Connections to these ports should be restricted at
              the network level to only trusted load balancers or
              proxies to avoid spoofing of client IP addresses by third
              parties.

              For LDAP over IPC, name is the name of the socket, and no
              port is required, nor allowed; note that directory
              separators must be URL-encoded, like any other characters
              that are special to URLs; so the socket

                      /usr/local/var/ldapi

              must be specified as

                      ldapi://%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fvar%2Fldapi

              The default location for the IPC socket is
              LOCALSTATEDIR/run/ldapi

              The listener permissions are indicated by
              "x-mod=-rwxrwxrwx", "x-mod=0777" or "x-mod=777", where any
              of the "rwx" can be "-" to suppress the related
              permission, while any of the "7" can be any legal octal
              digit, according to chmod(1).  The listeners can take
              advantage of the "x-mod" extension to apply rough
              limitations to operations, e.g. allow read operations
              ("r", which applies to search and compare), write
              operations ("w", which applies to add, delete, modify and
              modrdn), and execute operations ("x", which means bind is
              required).  "User" permissions apply to authenticated
              users, while "other" apply to anonymous users; "group"
              permissions are ignored.  For example,
              "ldap:///????x-mod=-rw-------" means that read and write
              is only allowed for authenticated connections, and bind is
              required for all operations.  This feature is
              experimental, and requires to be manually enabled at
              configure time.

       -r directory
              Specifies a directory to become the root directory.  slapd
              will change the current working directory to this
              directory and then chroot(2) to this directory.  This is
              done after opening listeners but before reading any
              configuration file or initializing any backend.  When used
              as a security mechanism, it should be used in conjunction
              with -u and -g options.

       -u user
              slapd will run slapd with the specified user name or id,
              and that user's supplementary group access list as set
              with initgroups(3).  The group ID is also changed to this
              user's gid, unless the -g option is used to override.
              Note when used with -r, slapd will use the user database
              in the change root environment.

              Note that on some systems, running as a non-privileged
              user will prevent passwd back-ends from accessing the
              encrypted passwords.  Note also that any shell back-ends
              will run as the specified non-privileged user.

       -g group
              slapd will run with the specified group name or id.  Note
              when used with -r, slapd will use the group database in
              the change root environment.

       -c cookie
              This option provides a cookie for the syncrepl replication
              consumer.  The cookie is a comma separated list of
              name=value pairs.  Currently supported syncrepl cookie
              fields are rid, sid, and csn.  rid identifies a
              replication thread within the consumer server and is used
              to find the syncrepl specification in slapd.conf(5) or
              slapd-config(5) having the matching replication identifier
              in its definition. The rid must be provided in order for
              any other specified values to be used.  sid is the server
              id in a multi-provider configuration.  csn is the commit
              sequence number received by a previous synchronization and
              represents the state of the consumer content which the
              syncrepl engine will synchronize to the current provider
              content.  In case of multi-provider replication agreement,
              multiple csn values, semicolon separated, can appear.  Use
              only the rid part to force a full reload.

       -o option[=value]
              This option provides a generic means to specify options
              without the need to reserve a separate letter for them.

              It supports the following options:

              slp={on|off|slp-attrs}
                     When SLP support is compiled into slapd, disable it
                     (off),
                      enable it by registering at SLP DAs without
                     specific SLP attributes (on), or with specific SLP
                     attributes slp-attrs that must be an SLP attribute
                     list definition according to the SLP standard.

                     For example, "slp=(tree=production),(server-
                     type=OpenLDAP),(server-version=2.4.15)" registers
                     at SLP DAs with the three SLP attributes tree,
                     server-type and server-version that have the values
                     given above.  This allows one to specifically query
                     the SLP DAs for LDAP servers holding the production
                     tree in case multiple trees are available.

EXAMPLES         top

       To start slapd and have it fork and detach from the terminal and
       start serving the LDAP databases defined in the default config
       file, just type:

            LIBEXECDIR/slapd

       To start slapd with an alternate configuration file, and turn on
       voluminous debugging which will be printed on standard error,
       type:

            LIBEXECDIR/slapd -f /var/tmp/slapd.conf -d 255

       To test whether the configuration file is correct or not, type:

            LIBEXECDIR/slapd -Tt

SEE ALSO         top

       ldap(3), slapd.conf(5), slapd-config(5), slapd.access(5),
       slapacl(8), slapadd(8), slapauth(8), slapcat(8), slapdn(8),
       slapindex(8), slappasswd(8), slapschema(8), slaptest(8).

       "OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide"
       (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)

BUGS         top

       See http://www.openldap.org/its/

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS         top

       OpenLDAP Software is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP
       Project <http://www.openldap.org/>.  OpenLDAP Software is derived
       from the University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the OpenLDAP (an open source implementation
       of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://www.openldap.org/⟩.  If you have a bug report for this
       manual page, see ⟨http://www.openldap.org/its/⟩.  This page was
       obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://git.openldap.org/openldap/openldap.git⟩ on 2023-12-22.
       (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found
       in the repository was 2023-12-19.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

OpenLDAP LDVERSION             RELEASEDATE                     SLAPD(8C)

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