man(1) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | OVERVIEW | DEFAULTS | OPTIONS | EXIT STATUS | ENVIRONMENT | FILES | STANDARDS | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | BUGS | COLOPHON

MAN(1)                     Manual pager utils                     MAN(1)

NAME         top

       man - an interface to the system reference manuals

SYNOPSIS         top

       man [man options] [[section] page ...] ...
       man -k [apropos options] regexp ...
       man -K [man options] [section] term ...
       man -f [whatis options] page ...
       man -l [man options] file ...
       man -w|-W [man options] page ...

DESCRIPTION         top

       man is the system's manual pager.  Each page argument given to
       man is normally the name of a program, utility or function.  The
       manual page associated with each of these arguments is then found
       and displayed.  A section, if provided, will direct man to look
       only in that section of the manual.  The default action is to
       search in all of the available sections following a pre-defined
       order (see DEFAULTS), and to show only the first page found, even
       if page exists in several sections.

       The table below shows the section numbers of the manual followed
       by the types of pages they contain.

       1   Executable programs or shell commands
       2   System calls (functions provided by the kernel)
       3   Library calls (functions within program libraries)
       4   Special files (usually found in /dev)
       5   File formats and conventions, e.g. /etc/passwd
       6   Games
       7   Miscellaneous (including macro packages and conventions),
           e.g. man(7), groff(7), man-pages(7)
       8   System administration commands (usually only for root)
       9   Kernel routines [Non standard]

       A manual page consists of several sections.

       Conventional section names include NAME, SYNOPSIS, CONFIGURATION,
       DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS,
       ENVIRONMENT, FILES, VERSIONS, STANDARDS, NOTES, BUGS, EXAMPLE,
       AUTHORS, and SEE ALSO.

       The following conventions apply to the SYNOPSIS section and can
       be used as a guide in other sections.

       bold text          type exactly as shown.
       italic text        replace with appropriate argument.
       [-abc]             any or all arguments within [ ] are optional.
       -a|-b              options delimited by | cannot be used
                          together.
       argument ...       argument is repeatable.
       [expression] ...   entire expression within [ ] is repeatable.

       Exact rendering may vary depending on the output device.  For
       instance, man will usually not be able to render italics when
       running in a terminal, and will typically use underlined or
       coloured text instead.

       The command or function illustration is a pattern that should
       match all possible invocations.  In some cases it is advisable to
       illustrate several exclusive invocations as is shown in the
       SYNOPSIS section of this manual page.

EXAMPLES         top

       man ls
           Display the manual page for the item (program) ls.

       man man.7
           Display the manual page for macro package man from section 7.
           (This is an alternative spelling of "man 7 man".)

       man 'man(7)'
           Display the manual page for macro package man from section 7.
           (This is another alternative spelling of "man 7 man".  It may
           be more convenient when copying and pasting cross-references
           to manual pages.  Note that the parentheses must normally be
           quoted to protect them from the shell.)

       man -a intro
           Display, in succession, all of the available intro manual
           pages contained within the manual.  It is possible to quit
           between successive displays or skip any of them.

       man -t bash | lpr -Pps
           Format the manual page for bash into the default troff or
           groff format and pipe it to the printer named ps.  The
           default output for groff is usually PostScript.  man --help
           should advise as to which processor is bound to the -t
           option.

       man -l -Tdvi ./foo.1x.gz > ./foo.1x.dvi
           This command will decompress and format the nroff source
           manual page ./foo.1x.gz into a device independent (dvi) file.
           The redirection is necessary as the -T flag causes output to
           be directed to stdout with no pager.  The output could be
           viewed with a program such as xdvi or further processed into
           PostScript using a program such as dvips.

       man -k printf
           Search the short descriptions and manual page names for the
           keyword printf as regular expression.  Print out any matches.
           Equivalent to apropos printf.

       man -f smail
           Lookup the manual pages referenced by smail and print out the
           short descriptions of any found.  Equivalent to whatis smail.

OVERVIEW         top

       Many options are available to man in order to give as much
       flexibility as possible to the user.  Changes can be made to the
       search path, section order, output processor, and other
       behaviours and operations detailed below.

       If set, various environment variables are interrogated to
       determine the operation of man.  It is possible to set the
       "catch-all" variable $MANOPT to any string in command line
       format, with the exception that any spaces used as part of an
       option's argument must be escaped (preceded by a backslash).  man
       will parse $MANOPT prior to parsing its own command line.  Those
       options requiring an argument will be overridden by the same
       options found on the command line.  To reset all of the options
       set in $MANOPT, -D can be specified as the initial command line
       option.  This will allow man to "forget" about the options
       specified in $MANOPT, although they must still have been valid.

       Manual pages are normally stored in nroff(1) format under a
       directory such as /usr/share/man.  In some installations, there
       may also be preformatted cat pages to improve performance.  See
       manpath(5) for details of where these files are stored.

       This package supports manual pages in multiple languages,
       controlled by your locale.  If your system did not set this up
       for you automatically, then you may need to set $LC_MESSAGES,
       $LANG, or another system-dependent environment variable to
       indicate your preferred locale, usually specified in the POSIX
       format:

       <language>[_<territory>[.<character-set>[,<version>]]]

       If the desired page is available in your locale, it will be
       displayed in lieu of the standard (usually American English)
       page.

       If you find that the translations supplied with this package are
       not available in your native language and you would like to
       supply them, please contact the maintainer who will be
       coordinating such activity.

       Individual manual pages are normally written and maintained by
       the maintainers of the program, function, or other topic that
       they document, and are not included with this package.  If you
       find that a manual page is missing or inadequate, please report
       that to the maintainers of the package in question.

       For information regarding other features and extensions available
       with this manual pager, please read the documents supplied with
       the package.

DEFAULTS         top

       The order of sections to search may be overridden by the
       environment variable $MANSECT or by the SECTION directive in
       /usr/local/etc/man_db.conf.  By default it is as follows:

              1 n l 8 3 0 2 3type 5 4 9 6 7

       The formatted manual page is displayed using a pager.  This can
       be specified in a number of ways, or else will fall back to a
       default (see option -P for details).

       The filters are deciphered by a number of means.  Firstly, the
       command line option -p or the environment variable $MANROFFSEQ is
       interrogated.  If -p was not used and the environment variable
       was not set, the initial line of the nroff file is parsed for a
       preprocessor string.  To contain a valid preprocessor string, the
       first line must resemble

       '\" <string>

       where string can be any combination of letters described by
       option -p below.

       If none of the above methods provide any filter information, a
       default set is used.

       A formatting pipeline is formed from the filters and the primary
       formatter (nroff or [tg]roff with -t) and executed.
       Alternatively, if an executable program mandb_nfmt (or mandb_tfmt
       with -t) exists in the man tree root, it is executed instead.  It
       gets passed the manual source file, the preprocessor string, and
       optionally the device specified with -T or -E as arguments.

OPTIONS         top

       Non-argument options that are duplicated either on the command
       line, in $MANOPT, or both, are not harmful.  For options that
       require an argument, each duplication will override the previous
       argument value.

   General options
       -C file, --config-file=file
              Use this user configuration file rather than the default
              of ~/.manpath.

       -d, --debug
              Print debugging information.

       -D, --default
              This option is normally issued as the very first option
              and resets man's behaviour to its default.  Its use is to
              reset those options that may have been set in $MANOPT.
              Any options that follow -D will have their usual effect.

       --warnings[=warnings]
              Enable warnings from groff.  This may be used to perform
              sanity checks on the source text of manual pages.
              warnings is a comma-separated list of warning names; if it
              is not supplied, the default is "mac".  To disable a groff
              warning, prefix it with "!": for example,
              --warnings=mac,!break enables warnings in the "mac"
              category and disables warnings in the "break" category.
              See the “Warnings” node in info groff for a list of
              available warning names.

   Main modes of operation
       -f, --whatis
              Approximately equivalent to whatis.  Display a short
              description from the manual page, if available.  See
              whatis(1) for details.

       -k, --apropos
              Approximately equivalent to apropos.  Search the short
              manual page descriptions for keywords and display any
              matches.  See apropos(1) for details.

       -K, --global-apropos
              Search for text in all manual pages.  This is a brute-
              force search, and is likely to take some time; if you can,
              you should specify a section to reduce the number of pages
              that need to be searched.  Search terms may be simple
              strings (the default), or regular expressions if the
              --regex option is used.

              Note that this searches the sources of the manual pages,
              not the rendered text, and so may include false positives
              due to things like comments in source files, or false
              negatives due to things like hyphens being written as "\-"
              in source files.  Searching the rendered text would be
              much slower.

       -l, --local-file
              Activate "local" mode.  Format and display local manual
              files instead of searching through the system's manual
              collection.  Each manual page argument will be interpreted
              as an nroff source file in the correct format.  No cat
              file is produced.  If '-' is listed as one of the
              arguments, input will be taken from stdin.

              If this option is not used, then man will also fall back
              to interpreting manual page arguments as local file names
              if the argument contains a "/" character, since that is a
              good indication that the argument refers to a path on the
              file system.

       -w, --where, --path, --location
              Don't actually display the manual page, but do print the
              location of the source nroff file that would be formatted.
              If the -a option is also used, then print the locations of
              all source files that match the search criteria.

       -W, --where-cat, --location-cat
              Don't actually display the manual page, but do print the
              location of the preformatted cat file that would be
              displayed.  If the -a option is also used, then print the
              locations of all preformatted cat files that match the
              search criteria.

              If -w and -W are both used, then print both source file
              and cat file separated by a space.  If all of -w, -W, and
              -a are used, then do this for each possible match.

       -c, --catman
              This option is not for general use and should only be used
              by the catman program.

       -R encoding, --recode=encoding
              Instead of formatting the manual page in the usual way,
              output its source converted to the specified encoding.  If
              you already know the encoding of the source file, you can
              also use manconv(1) directly.  However, this option allows
              you to convert several manual pages to a single encoding
              without having to explicitly state the encoding of each,
              provided that they were already installed in a structure
              similar to a manual page hierarchy.

              Consider using man-recode(1) instead for converting
              multiple manual pages, since it has an interface designed
              for bulk conversion and so can be much faster.

   Finding manual pages
       -L locale, --locale=locale
              man will normally determine your current locale by a call
              to the C function setlocale(3) which interrogates various
              environment variables, possibly including $LC_MESSAGES and
              $LANG.  To temporarily override the determined value, use
              this option to supply a locale string directly to man.
              Note that it will not take effect until the search for
              pages actually begins.  Output such as the help message
              will always be displayed in the initially determined
              locale.

       -m system[,...], --systems=system[,...]
              If this system has access to other operating systems'
              manual pages, they can be accessed using this option.  To
              search for a manual page from NewOS's manual page
              collection, use the option -m NewOS.

              The system specified can be a combination of comma
              delimited operating system names.  To include a search of
              the native operating system's manual pages, include the
              system name man in the argument string.  This option will
              override the $SYSTEM environment variable.

       -M path, --manpath=path
              Specify an alternate manpath to use.  By default, man uses
              manpath derived code to determine the path to search.
              This option overrides the $MANPATH environment variable
              and causes option -m to be ignored.

              A path specified as a manpath must be the root of a manual
              page hierarchy structured into sections as described in
              the man-db manual (under "The manual page system").  To
              view manual pages outside such hierarchies, see the -l
              option.

       -S list, -s list, --sections=list
              The given list is a colon- or comma-separated list of
              sections, used to determine which manual sections to
              search and in what order.  This option overrides the
              $MANSECT environment variable.  (The -s spelling is for
              compatibility with System V.)

       -e sub-extension, --extension=sub-extension
              Some systems incorporate large packages of manual pages,
              such as those that accompany the Tcl package, into the
              main manual page hierarchy.  To get around the problem of
              having two manual pages with the same name such as
              exit(3), the Tcl pages were usually all assigned to
              section l.  As this is unfortunate, it is now possible to
              put the pages in the correct section, and to assign a
              specific "extension" to them, in this case, exit(3tcl).
              Under normal operation, man will display exit(3) in
              preference to exit(3tcl).  To negotiate this situation and
              to avoid having to know which section the page you require
              resides in, it is now possible to give man a sub-extension
              string indicating which package the page must belong to.
              Using the above example, supplying the option -e tcl to
              man will restrict the search to pages having an extension
              of *tcl.

       -i, --ignore-case
              Ignore case when searching for manual pages.  This is the
              default.

       -I, --match-case
              Search for manual pages case-sensitively.

       --regex
              Show all pages with any part of either their names or
              their descriptions matching each page argument as a
              regular expression, as with apropos(1).  Since there is
              usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" page when
              searching for a regular expression, this option implies
              -a.

       --wildcard
              Show all pages with any part of either their names or
              their descriptions matching each page argument using
              shell-style wildcards, as with apropos(1) --wildcard.  The
              page argument must match the entire name or description,
              or match on word boundaries in the description.  Since
              there is usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" page
              when searching for a wildcard, this option implies -a.

       --names-only
              If the --regex or --wildcard option is used, match only
              page names, not page descriptions, as with whatis(1).
              Otherwise, no effect.

       -a, --all
              By default, man will exit after displaying the most
              suitable manual page it finds.  Using this option forces
              man to display all the manual pages with names that match
              the search criteria.

       -u, --update
              This option causes man to update its database caches of
              installed manual pages.  This is only needed in rare
              situations, and it is normally better to run mandb(8)
              instead.

       --no-subpages
              By default, man will try to interpret pairs of manual page
              names given on the command line as equivalent to a single
              manual page name containing a hyphen or an underscore.
              This supports the common pattern of programs that
              implement a number of subcommands, allowing them to
              provide manual pages for each that can be accessed using
              similar syntax as would be used to invoke the subcommands
              themselves.  For example:

                $ man -aw git diff
                /usr/share/man/man1/git-diff.1.gz

              To disable this behaviour, use the --no-subpages option.

                $ man -aw --no-subpages git diff
                /usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz
                /usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz
                /usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz

   Controlling formatted output
       -P pager, --pager=pager
              Specify which output pager to use.  By default, man uses
              less, falling back to cat if less is not found or is not
              executable.  This option overrides the $MANPAGER
              environment variable, which in turn overrides the $PAGER
              environment variable.  It is not used in conjunction with
              -f or -k.

              The value may be a simple command name or a command with
              arguments, and may use shell quoting (backslashes, single
              quotes, or double quotes).  It may not use pipes to
              connect multiple commands; if you need that, use a wrapper
              script, which may take the file to display either as an
              argument or on standard input.

       -r prompt, --prompt=prompt
              If a recent version of less is used as the pager, man will
              attempt to set its prompt and some sensible options.  The
              default prompt looks like

               Manual page name(sec) line x

              where name denotes the manual page name, sec denotes the
              section it was found under and x the current line number.
              This is achieved by using the $LESS environment variable.

              Supplying -r with a string will override this default.
              The string may contain the text $MAN_PN which will be
              expanded to the name of the current manual page and its
              section name surrounded by "(" and ")".  The string used
              to produce the default could be expressed as

              \ Manual\ page\ \$MAN_PN\ ?ltline\ %lt?L/%L.:
              byte\ %bB?s/%s..?\ (END):?pB\ %pB\\%..
              (press h for help or q to quit)

              It is broken into three lines here for the sake of
              readability only.  For its meaning see the less(1) manual
              page.  The prompt string is first evaluated by the shell.
              All double quotes, back-quotes and backslashes in the
              prompt must be escaped by a preceding backslash.  The
              prompt string may end in an escaped $ which may be
              followed by further options for less.  By default man sets
              the -ix8 options.

              The $MANLESS environment variable described below may be
              used to set a default prompt string if none is supplied on
              the command line.

       -7, --ascii
              When viewing a pure ascii(7) manual page on a 7 bit
              terminal or terminal emulator, some characters may not
              display correctly when using the latin1(7) device
              description with GNU nroff.  This option allows pure ascii
              manual pages to be displayed in ascii with the latin1
              device.  It will not translate any latin1 text.  The
              following table shows the translations performed: some
              parts of it may only be displayed properly when using GNU
              nroff's latin1(7) device.

              Description      Octal   latin1   ascii
              ────────────────────────────────────────
              continuation      255      ‐        -
              hyphen
              bullet (middle    267      •        o
              dot)
              acute accent      264      ´        '
              multiplication    327      ×        x
              sign

              If the latin1 column displays correctly, your terminal may
              be set up for latin1 characters and this option is not
              necessary.  If the latin1 and ascii columns are identical,
              you are reading this page using this option or man did not
              format this page using the latin1 device description.  If
              the latin1 column is missing or corrupt, you may need to
              view manual pages with this option.

              This option is ignored when using options -t, -H, -T, or
              -Z and may be useless for nroff other than GNU's.

       -E encoding, --encoding=encoding
              Generate output for a character encoding other than the
              default.  For backward compatibility, encoding may be an
              nroff device such as ascii, latin1, or utf8 as well as a
              true character encoding such as UTF-8.

       --no-hyphenation, --nh
              Normally, nroff will automatically hyphenate text at line
              breaks even in words that do not contain hyphens, if it is
              necessary to do so to lay out words on a line without
              excessive spacing.  This option disables automatic
              hyphenation, so words will only be hyphenated if they
              already contain hyphens.

              If you are writing a manual page and simply want to
              prevent nroff from hyphenating a word at an inappropriate
              point, do not use this option, but consult the nroff
              documentation instead; for instance, you can put "\%"
              inside a word to indicate that it may be hyphenated at
              that point, or put "\%" at the start of a word to prevent
              it from being hyphenated.

       --no-justification, --nj
              Normally, nroff will automatically justify text to both
              margins.  This option disables full justification, leaving
              justified only to the left margin, sometimes called
              "ragged-right" text.

              If you are writing a manual page and simply want to
              prevent nroff from justifying certain paragraphs, do not
              use this option, but consult the nroff documentation
              instead; for instance, you can use the ".na", ".nf",
              ".fi", and ".ad" requests to temporarily disable adjusting
              and filling.

       -p string, --preprocessor=string
              Specify the sequence of preprocessors to run before nroff
              or troff/groff.  Not all installations will have a full
              set of preprocessors.  Some of the preprocessors and the
              letters used to designate them are: eqn (e), grap (g), pic
              (p), tbl (t), vgrind (v), refer (r).  This option
              overrides the $MANROFFSEQ environment variable.  zsoelim
              is always run as the very first preprocessor.

       -t, --troff
              Use groff -mandoc to format the manual page to stdout.
              This option is not required in conjunction with -H, -T, or
              -Z.

       -T[device], --troff-device[=device]
              This option is used to change groff (or possibly troff's)
              output to be suitable for a device other than the default.
              It implies -t.  Examples (provided with Groff-1.17)
              include dvi, latin1, ps, utf8, X75 and X100.

       -H[browser], --html[=browser]
              This option will cause groff to produce HTML output, and
              will display that output in a web browser.  The choice of
              browser is determined by the optional browser argument if
              one is provided, by the $BROWSER environment variable, or
              by a compile-time default if that is unset (usually lynx).
              This option implies -t, and will only work with GNU troff.

       -X[dpi], --gxditview[=dpi]
              This option displays the output of groff in a graphical
              window using the gxditview program.  The dpi (dots per
              inch) may be 75, 75-12, 100, or 100-12, defaulting to 75;
              the -12 variants use a 12-point base font.  This option
              implies -T with the X75, X75-12, X100, or X100-12 device
              respectively.

       -Z, --ditroff
              groff will run troff and then use an appropriate post-
              processor to produce output suitable for the chosen
              device.  If groff -mandoc is groff, this option is passed
              to groff and will suppress the use of a post-processor.
              It implies -t.

   Getting help
       -?, --help
              Print a help message and exit.

       --usage
              Print a short usage message and exit.

       -V, --version
              Display version information.

EXIT STATUS         top

       0      Successful program execution.

       1      Usage, syntax or configuration file error.

       2      Operational error.

       3      A child process returned a non-zero exit status.

       16     At least one of the pages/files/keywords didn't exist or
              wasn't matched.

ENVIRONMENT         top

       MANPATH
              If $MANPATH is set, its value is used as the path to
              search for manual pages.

              See the SEARCH PATH section of manpath(5) for the default
              behaviour and details of how this environment variable is
              handled.

       MANROFFOPT
              Every time man invokes the formatter (nroff, troff, or
              groff), it adds the contents of $MANROFFOPT to the
              formatter's command line.

       MANROFFSEQ
              If $MANROFFSEQ is set, its value is used to determine the
              set of preprocessors to pass each manual page through.
              The default preprocessor list is system dependent.

       MANSECT
              If $MANSECT is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of
              sections and it is used to determine which manual sections
              to search and in what order.  The default is "1 n l 8 3 0
              2 3type 5 4 9 6 7", unless overridden by the SECTION
              directive in /usr/local/etc/man_db.conf.

       MANPAGER, PAGER
              If $MANPAGER or $PAGER is set ($MANPAGER is used in
              preference), its value is used as the name of the program
              used to display the manual page.  By default, less is
              used, falling back to cat if less is not found or is not
              executable.

              The value may be a simple command name or a command with
              arguments, and may use shell quoting (backslashes, single
              quotes, or double quotes).  It may not use pipes to
              connect multiple commands; if you need that, use a wrapper
              script, which may take the file to display either as an
              argument or on standard input.

       MANLESS
              If $MANLESS is set, its value will be used as the default
              prompt string for the less pager, as if it had been passed
              using the -r option (so any occurrences of the text
              $MAN_PN will be expanded in the same way).  For example,
              if you want to set the prompt string unconditionally to
              “my prompt string”, set $MANLESS to ‘-Psmy prompt string’.
              Using the -r option overrides this environment variable.

       BROWSER
              If $BROWSER is set, its value is a colon-delimited list of
              commands, each of which in turn is used to try to start a
              web browser for man --html.  In each command, %s is
              replaced by a filename containing the HTML output from
              groff, %% is replaced by a single percent sign (%), and %c
              is replaced by a colon (:).

       SYSTEM If $SYSTEM is set, it will have the same effect as if it
              had been specified as the argument to the -m option.

       MANOPT If $MANOPT is set, it will be parsed prior to man's
              command line and is expected to be in a similar format.
              As all of the other man specific environment variables can
              be expressed as command line options, and are thus
              candidates for being included in $MANOPT it is expected
              that they will become obsolete.  N.B.  All spaces that
              should be interpreted as part of an option's argument must
              be escaped.

       MANWIDTH
              If $MANWIDTH is set, its value is used as the line length
              for which manual pages should be formatted.  If it is not
              set, manual pages will be formatted with a line length
              appropriate to the current terminal (using the value of
              $COLUMNS, and ioctl(2) if available, or falling back to 80
              characters if neither is available).  Cat pages will only
              be saved when the default formatting can be used, that is
              when the terminal line length is between 66 and 80
              characters.

       MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING
              Normally, when output is not being directed to a terminal
              (such as to a file or a pipe), formatting characters are
              discarded to make it easier to read the result without
              special tools.  However, if $MAN_KEEP_FORMATTING is set to
              any non-empty value, these formatting characters are
              retained.  This may be useful for wrappers around man that
              can interpret formatting characters.

       MAN_KEEP_STDERR
              Normally, when output is being directed to a terminal
              (usually to a pager), any error output from the command
              used to produce formatted versions of manual pages is
              discarded to avoid interfering with the pager's display.
              Programs such as groff often produce relatively minor
              error messages about typographical problems such as poor
              alignment, which are unsightly and generally confusing
              when displayed along with the manual page.  However, some
              users want to see them anyway, so, if $MAN_KEEP_STDERR is
              set to any non-empty value, error output will be displayed
              as usual.

       MAN_DISABLE_SECCOMP
              On Linux, man normally confines subprocesses that handle
              untrusted data using a seccomp(2) sandbox.  This makes it
              safer to run complex parsing code over arbitrary manual
              pages.  If this goes wrong for some reason unrelated to
              the content of the page being displayed, you can set
              $MAN_DISABLE_SECCOMP to any non-empty value to disable the
              sandbox.

       PIPELINE_DEBUG
              If the $PIPELINE_DEBUG environment variable is set to "1",
              then man will print debugging messages to standard error
              describing each subprocess it runs.

       LANG, LC_MESSAGES
              Depending on system and implementation, either or both of
              $LANG and $LC_MESSAGES will be interrogated for the
              current message locale.  man will display its messages in
              that locale (if available).  See setlocale(3) for precise
              details.

FILES         top

       /usr/local/etc/man_db.conf
              man-db configuration file.

       /usr/share/man
              A global manual page hierarchy.

STANDARDS         top

       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, POSIX.1-2017.

SEE ALSO         top

       apropos(1), groff(1), less(1), manpath(1), nroff(1), troff(1),
       whatis(1), zsoelim(1), manpath(5), man(7), catman(8), mandb(8)

       Documentation for some packages may be available in other
       formats, such as info(1) or HTML.

HISTORY         top

       1990, 1991 – Originally written by John W. Eaton
       (jwe@che.utexas.edu).

       Dec 23 1992: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) applied bug fixes
       supplied by Willem Kasdorp (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl).

       30th April 1994 – 23rd February 2000: Wilf.
       (G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk) has been developing and maintaining
       this package with the help of a few dedicated people.

       30th October 1996 – 30th March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco
       <fpolacco@debian.org> maintained and enhanced this package for
       the Debian project, with the help of all the community.

       31st March 2001 – present day: Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
       is now developing and maintaining man-db.

BUGS         top

       https://gitlab.com/man-db/man-db/-/issues
       https://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=man-db

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the man-db (manual pager suite) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://www.nongnu.org/man-db/⟩.  If you have a bug report for
       this manual page, send it to man-db-devel@nongnu.org.  This page
       was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://gitlab.com/cjwatson/man-db⟩ on 2023-12-22.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2023-12-18.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

2.12.0                         2023-09-23                         MAN(1)

Pages that refer to this page: apropos(1)git(1)intro(1)lexgrog(1)manconv(1)manpath(1)man-recode(1)systemd-analyze(1)ul(1)whatis(1)zsoelim(1)manpath(5)environ(7)man(7)man-pages(7)catman(8)mandb(8)