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STG-EMAIL(1) StGit Manual STG-EMAIL(1)
stg-email - Format and send patches as email
stg email format [OPTIONS] <patch>...
stg email format [OPTIONS] --all
stg email send [OPTIONS] <file|directory>...
stg email send [OPTIONS] <patch>...
stg email send [OPTIONS] --all
stg email send --dump-aliases
stg email help format
stg email help send
stg email help help
Format and send patches as email.
A typical workflow is to first generate email files for each patch
along with an optional cover letter using ‘stg email format. Then,
after checking the email files’ contents, sending the emails using
`stg email send. This workflow may be condensed to one step by
specifying patch names to stg email send instead of email files.
The format and send subcommands are thin wrappers over git
format-patch and git send-email, respectively. Refer to the
git-format-patch(1) and git-send-email(1) manpages for more
details about configuration and options.
format
Format selected patches as email files, one patch per file.
The files are formatted to resemble a UNIX mailbox (mbox) and
may be sent with the stg email send command. The first line of
the patch’s commit message is used to form the email’s subject
with the remainder of the message in the email’s body.
The patches to format may be specified as individual patch
names or patch ranges of the form p0..p3, or --all may be used
to format all applied patches. Note that the specified patches
must be contiguous within the patch series.
By default, the email files will be output to the current
directory, however use of the -o/--output-directory option is
recommended since sending the email with stg email send <dir>
is simpler than specifying all the email files individually.
A cover letter template may also be generated by specifying
--cover-letter. A cover letter is recommended when sending
multiple patches. The format.coverLetter configuration value
may be set true to always generate a cover letter or auto to
generate a cover letter when formatting more than one patch.
Recipients may be specified using the --to and --cc, or
setting recipients may be deferred to stg email send.
Many aspects of the format behavior may be controlled via
format.* configuration values. Refer to the git-config(1) and
git-format-patch(1) man pages for more details.
send
Send patches as emails.
This is a wrapper for git send-email. Refer to the
git-send-email(1) man page for additional details.
The patches to send may be specified as files or directories
generated by stg email format, or as patch names/ranges as
would be supplied to stg email format. Specifying a directory
will send all files in that directory.
The header of the email is configurable via command line
options. The user will be prompted for any necessary
information not specified on the command line or in the
configuration.
Many aspects of the send behavior may be controlled via the
sendemail.* configuration options. In particular, it is
recommended to statically configure SMTP details such as
sendemail.smtpServer, sendemail.smtpUser, etc. Refer to
git-config(1) and git-send-email(1) man pages for more detail
on all the available configuration options.
FORMAT OPTIONS
-b <branch>, --branch=<branch>
Use <branch> instead of current branch
-a, --all
Format all applied patches
-G <option>, --git-opt=<option>
Pass additional <option> to git format-patch.
See the git-format-patch(1) man page. This option may be
specified multiple times.
-o <dir>, --output-directory=<dir>
Use <dir> to store the output files instead of the current
working directory.
--cover-letter
In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
containing the branch description, shortlog and the overall
diffstat. You can fill in a description in the file before
sending it out.
-n, --numbered
Use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch
-N, --no-numbered
Use [PATCH] even with multiple patches
--start-number=<n>
Start numbering at <n> instead of 1
-v <n>, --reroll-count=<n>
Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
output filenames have "v<n>" prepended to them, and the
subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
--subject-prefix option) has ` v<N>` appended to it. E.g.
--reroll-count=4 may produce v4-0001-add-makefile.patch file
that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it. <N>
does not have to be an integer (e.g. --reroll-count=4.4, or
--reroll-count=4rev2 are allowed), but the downside of using
such a reroll-count is that the range-diff/interdiff with the
previous version does not state exactly which version the new
iteration is compared against.
--rfc
Alias for --subject-prefix="RFC PATCH". RFC means "Request For
Comments"; use this when sending an experimental patch for
discussion rather than application.
--subject-prefix=<prefix>
Instead of the standard [PATCH] prefix in the subject line,
instead use [<prefix>]. This allows for useful naming of a
patch series, and can be combined with the --numbered option.
--quiet
Do not print the names of the generated files
-s, --signoff
Add a Signed-off-by trailer to the commit message, using the
committer identity of yourself. See the signoff option in
git-commit(1) for more information.
--numbered-files
Output file names will be a simple number sequence without the
default first line of the commit appended.
--suffix=<suffix>
Instead of using .patch as the suffix for generated filenames,
use specified suffix. A common alternative is --suffix=.txt.
Leaving this empty will remove the .patch suffix.
-k, --keep-subject
Do not strip/add [PATCH] from the first line of the commit log
message.
--no-binary
Do not output contents of changes in binary files, instead
display a notice that those files changed. Patches generated
using this option cannot be applied properly, but they are
still useful for code review.
--zero-commit
Output an all-zero hash in each patch’s From header instead of
the hash of the commit.
--to=<address>
Add a To: header to the email headers. This is in addition to
any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. The
negated form --no-to discards all To: headers added so far
(from config or command line).
--no-to
Discard all To: addresses added so far from config or command
line.
--cc=<address>
Add a Cc: header to the email headers. This is in addition to
any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. The
negated form --no-cc discards all Cc: headers added so far
(from config or command line).
--no-cc
Discard all Cc: addresses added so far from config or command
line.
--in-reply-to=<message-id>
Make the first mail (or all the mails with --no-thread) appear
as a reply to the given <message-id>, which avoids breaking
threads to provide a new patch series.
--add-header=<header>
Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in
addition to any configured headers, and may be used multiple
times. For example, --add-header="Organization: git-foo".
--attach
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of which is
the commit message and the patch itself in the second part,
with Content-Disposition: attachment.
--inline
Create multipart/mixed attachment, the first part of which is
the commit message and the patch itself in the second part,
with Content-Disposition: inline.
--thread[=<style>]
Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers to
make the second and subsequent mails appear as replies to the
first. Also controls generation of the Message-ID header to
reference.
The optional <style> argument can be either shallow or deep.
shallow threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the
series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
--in-reply-to, and the first patch mail, in this order. deep
threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
The default is --no-thread, unless the format.thread
configuration is set. If --thread is specified without a
style, it defaults to the style specified by format.thread if
any, or else shallow.
Beware that the default for git send-email is to thread emails
itself. If you want git format-patch to take care of
threading, you will want to ensure that threading is disabled
for git send-email.
--no-thread
Disable message threading
--signature=<signature>
Add a signature string to each email. The default signature is
the git version number, or the format.signature configuration
value, if specified. The signature may be disabled with
--no-signature
--no-signature
Do not add a signature to each email
--signature-file=<file>
Like --signature except the signature is read from a file.
--base=<committish>
See the BASE TREE INFORMATION section of git-format-patch(1).
--progress
Show progress reports on stderr as patches are generated.
--interdiff=<rev>
As a reviewer aid, insert an interdiff into the cover letter,
or as commentary of the lone patch of a 1-patch series,
showing the differences between the previous version of the
patch series and the series currently being formatted. <rev>
is a single revision naming the tip of the previous series
which shares a common base with the series being formatted
(for example git format-patch --cover-letter
--interdiff=feature/v1 -3 feature/v2).
--range-diff=<refspec>
As a reviewer aid, insert a range-diff (see git-range-diff(1))
into the cover letter, or as commentary of the lone patch of a
single-patch series, showing the differences between the
previous version of the patch series and the series currently
being formatted. <refspec> can be a single revision naming the
tip of the previous series if it shares a common base with the
series being formatted (for example git format-patch
--cover-letter --range-diff=feature/v1 -3 feature/v2), or a
revision range if the two versions of the series are disjoint
(for example git format-patch --cover-letter
--range-diff=feature/v1~3..feature/v1 -3 feature/v2).
Note that diff options passed to the command affect how the
primary product of format-patch is generated, and they are not
passed to the underlying range-diff machinery used to generate
the cover-letter material (this may change in the future).
--creation-factor=<n>
Used with --range-diff, tweak the heuristic which matches up
commits between the previous and current series of patches by
adjusting the creation/deletion cost fudge factor. See
git-range-diff(1)) for details.
SEND OPTIONS
-b <branch>, --branch=<branch>
Use <branch> instead of current branch
-a, --all
Send all applied patches
-G <option>, --git-opt=<option>
Pass additional <option> to git send-email.
See the git-send-email(1) man page. This option may be
specified multiple times.
--from=<address>
Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the
command line, the value of the sendemail.from configuration
option is used. If neither the command-line option nor
sendemail.from are set, then the user will be prompted for the
value. The default for the prompt will be the value of
GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not set,
as returned by git var -l.
--to=<address>
Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated.
Generally, this will be the upstream maintainer of the project
involved. Default is the value of the sendemail.to
configuration value; if that is unspecified, and --to-cmd is
not specified, this will be prompted for.
This option may be specified multiple times.
--cc=<address>
Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email. Default is the
value of sendemail.cc.
This option may be specified multiple times.
--bcc=<address>
Specify a starting "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the
value of sendemail.bcc.
This option may be specified multiple times.
--subject=<subject>
Specify the initial subject of the email thread. Only
necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose is not set,
this will be prompted for.
--reply-to=<address>
Specify the address where replies from recipients should go
to. Use this if replies to messages should go to another
address than what is specified with the --from parameter.
--in-reply-to=<id>
Make the first mail (or all the mails with --no-thread) appear
as a reply to the given Message-ID, which avoids breaking
threads to provide a new patch series. The second and
subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to the
--[no-]chain-reply-to setting.
So for example when --thread and --no-chain-reply-to are
specified, the second and subsequent patches will be replies
to the first one like in the illustration below where [PATCH
v2 0/3] is in reply to [PATCH 0/2]:
[PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
[PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
[PATCH 2/2] Implementation
[PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
[PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
[PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
[PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose is not
set, this will be prompted for.
--compose
Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in git-var(1)) to edit an
introductory message for the patch series.
When --compose is used, git send-email will use the From,
Subject, and In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If
the body of the message (what you type after the headers and a
blank line) only contains blank (or Git: prefixed) lines, the
summary will not be sent, but From, Subject, and In-Reply-To
headers will be used unless they are removed.
Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
See the CONFIGURATION section of git-send-email(1) for
sendemail.multiEdit.
--annotate
Review and edit each patch you are about to send. Default is
the value of sendemail.annotate.
--identity=<id>
A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
sendemail.<identity> subsection to take precedence over values
in the sendemail section. The default identity is the value of
sendemail.identity.
--no-thread
If threading is enabled, the In-Reply-To and References
headers will be added to each email sent. Whether each mail
refers to the previous email (deep threading per git
format-patch wording) or to the first email (shallow
threading) is governed by --[no-]chain-reply-to.
If disabled with --no-thread, those headers will not be added
(unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of
the sendemail.thread configuration value; if that is
unspecified, default to --thread.
It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header
already exists when git send-email is asked to add it
(especially note that git format-patch can be configured to do
the threading itself). Failure to do so may not produce the
expected result in the recipient’s MUA.
--confirm=<mode>
Confirm just before sending.
Default is the value of sendemail.confirm configuration value;
if that is unspecified, default to auto unless any of the
suppress options have been specified, in which case default to
compose.
Confirmation modes:
• always will always confirm before sending
• never will never confirm before sending
• cc will confirm before sending when send-email has
automatically added addresses from the patch to the Cc
list
• compose will confirm before sending the first message when
using --compose
• auto is equivalent to cc + compose
--quiet
Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
all that is output.
--dry-run
Do everything except actually send the emails.
--dump-aliases
Dump configured aliases and exit
-n, --numbered
Use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch
-N, --no-numbered
Use [PATCH] even with multiple patches
--start-number=<n>
Start numbering at <n> instead of 1
-v <n>, --reroll-count=<n>
Mark the series as the <n>th reroll
--rfc
Use [RFC PATCH] instead of [PATCH]
--subject-prefix=<prefix>
Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]
Part of the StGit suite - see stg(1)
This page is part of the stgit (Stacked Git) project. Information
about the project can be found at ⟨http://www.procode.org/stgit/⟩.
If you have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.procode.org/stgit/⟩. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/stacked-git/stgit.git⟩ on 2025-02-02. (At
that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in
the repository was 2025-01-18.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
StGit 2.5.1 02/02/2025 STG-EMAIL(1)
Pages that refer to this page: stg(1)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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