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HTML rendering created 2026-09-09 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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RPM-SPEC-MACROS(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual RPM-SPEC-MACROS(7)
rpm-spec-macros - RPM spec macros
%NAME
%NAME [OPTIONS] [ARGUMENTS]
%NAME [...]
This manual describes RPM macros that are specific to rpm-spec(5)
files. Distributions commonly ship with numerous additional build
helper macros for different language ecosystems and so on,
documented here are only the macros shipped with RPM itself.
For general RPM macro syntax and usage, see rpm-macros(7) and
rpm-macrofile(5).
Build steps
%autopatch [OPTIONS] [NUMBER ...]
Apply (a range of) patch numbers. Use in combination with
%autosetup -N for finer control over patch application.
Only available in the %prep section.
-m MIN
Apply patches starting from MIN range.
-M MAX
Apply patches up to MAX range.
-p N
Patch prefix stripping level (same as -p to patch(1))
-q
Don't warn if there are no matching patches.
-v
Verbose operation.
%autosetup [OPTIONS]
Prepare sources for building: unpack source archives and apply
patches. See also %setup.
Only available in the %prep section.
-a N
Unpack source N after changing to the build directory. If
multiple instances are needed, use %setup instead.
-b N
Unpack source N before changing to the build directory. If
multiple instances are needed, use %setup instead.
-c
Create the build directory (and change to it) before
unpacking.
-C
Create the build directory and ensure the archive contents
are unpacked there, stripping the top level directory in
the archive paths if one exists.
-D
Do not delete the build directory prior to unpacking (used
when more than one source is to be unpacked with -a or
-b).
-n
Set the name of build directory (default is
%{name}-%{version} macro-expanded).
-N
Disable automatic patch application (used for manual
%autopatch invocation).
-p N
Patch prefix stripping level (same as -p to patch(1) and
%patch).
-S VCS
Specify the Version Control System to use. Supported VCS's
are:
• bzr
• gendiff
• git
• git_am
• hg
• patch (default)
• quilt
Note that the exact behavior depends on the VCS: for
example quilt(1) only controls patches whereas git(1) and
hg(1) control the entire source repository.
-T
Skip the default unpacking of the first source (mostly
used with -a or -b).
-v
Verbose operation.
%configure [...]
Invoke a configure script of an autoconf(1) based software
with appropriate options for RPM integration, such as
preconfigured system paths. Any options and arguments are
passed directly to the script.
Typical use (but common also in %build section of older spec
files):
%conf
%configure --enable-wibble
%find_lang [OPTIONS] NAME [PREFIX]
Look for translation files in the buildroot, generating a
NAME.lang %files manifest for them. NAME is usually the
upstream project name.
Available options:
--all-name
Match all package/domain names.
--generate-subpackages
Place translations in per-language sub-packages.
--with-gnome
Find GNOME help files.
--with-html
Find HTML files.
--with-kde
Find KDE help files.
--with-mate
Find MATE help files.
--with-qt
Find QT locale files.
--with-man
Find translated man(1) pages.
--without-mo
Do not find locale files.
Typical use:
%install
%make_install
%find_lang %{name}
%files -f %{name}.lang
%make_build [...]
Invoke make(1) for build purposes, with appropriate options
for RPM integration, such as managing the number of parallel
jobs. Any options and arguments are passed directly to
make(1).
Typical use:
%build
%make_build
%make_install [...]
Invoke make(1) for install purposes, with appropriate options
for RPM integration, such as DESTDIR pointed at
$RPM_BUILD_ROOT. Any options and arguments are passed directly
to make(1).
Typical use:
%install
%make_install
%patch [OPTIONS] [NUMBER ...]
Apply patch numbers specified in arguments. See also
%autosetup and %autopatch.
Only available in the %prep section.
-b SUF
Backup patched files with suffix SUF.
-d DIR
Change to directory DIR before doing anything else.
-E
Remove files emptied by patching.
-F N
Maximum fuzz factor (context diffs).
-p N
Patch prefix stripping level (same as -p to patch(1))
-R
Assume reversed patch.
-o FILE
Send output to FILE instead of patching in place.
-z SUF
Same as -b.
-Z
Set file mtime and atime from patch headers using UTC
(context diffs).
-P N
Apply patch number N. Same as passing N as a positional
argument.
%setup [OPTIONS]
Unpack sources. See also %autosetup.
Only available inside the %prep section.
-a N
Unpack source N after changing to the build directory.
-b N
Unpack source N before changing to the build directory.
-c
Create the build directory (and change to it) before
unpacking.
-C
Create the build directory and ensure the archive contents
are unpacked there, stripping the top level directory in
the archive paths if one exists.
-D
Do not delete the build directory prior to unpacking (used
when more than one source is to be unpacked with -a or
-b).
-n
Set the name of build directory (default is
%{name}-%{version} macro-expanded).
-T
Skip the default unpacking of the first source (mostly
used with -a or -b).
-q
Quiet operation.
Sources and patches
%{P:NUMBER}
Shorthand for %{PATCHNUMBER}.
%PATCHNUMBER
Expand to the filename of the specified Patch NUMBER.
%PATCHURLNUMBER
Expand to the full URL of the specified Patch NUMBER.
%patches
Space separated list of all the patches in the package.
%{S:NUMBER}
Shorthand for %{SOURCENUMBER}.
%SOURCENUMBER
Expand to the filename of the specified Source NUMBER.
%SOURCEURLNUMBER
Expand to the full URL of the specified Source NUMBER.
%sources
Space separated list of all the sources in the package.
Conditional builds
%bcond NAME DEFAULT
Create a build conditional for a feature called NAME,
defaulting to either on (1) or off (0).
Added: 4.17.1
# Create a "gnutls" build conditional, enabled by default:
%bcond gnutls 1
# Create a "bootstrap" build conditional, disabled by default:
%bcond bootstrap 0
%bcond_with NAME
Deprecated. Identical to %bcond NAME 0.
%bcond_without NAME
Deprecated. Identical to %bcond NAME 1.
%{with NAME}
Test if build conditional NAME is enabled.
%if %{with gnutls}
BuildRequires: gnutls-devel
%endif
%{without NAME}
Test if build conditional NAME is disabled.
%with_NAME
Alternative form of testing a build conditional.
%configure \
%{?with_static:--enable-static} \
%{!?with_static:--disable-static}
See http://rpm.org/docs/latest/manual/conditionalbuilds.html for
more information.
Path macros
RPM defines paths for various common locations in UNIX-like
systems for the sake of flexibility and some portability. Most of
these macros honor the prefix defined in %_prefix (not to be
confused with %prefix from relocatable packages).
The values in parenthesis reflect common values of these macros on
modern Linux systems and are provided for mental reference only.
%_bindir
Most user commands. (/usr/bin)
%_datadir
Architecture independent data. (/usr/share)
%_datarootdir
Alias for %_datadir.
%_includedir
Standard include files. (/usr/include)
%_infodir
Info pages. (/usr/share/info)
%_libdir
Standard libraries. (/usr/lib or /usr/lib64)
%_libexecdir
Binaries run by other commands. (/usr/libexec)
%_localstatedir
Variable data files. (/var)
%_mandir
Manual pages. (/usr/share/man)
%_prefix
Prefix of most path macros. (/usr)
%_rundir
Run-time variable data. (/run)
%_sharedstatedir
Variable state information. (/var/lib)
%_sbindir
Non-essential standard system binaries. (/usr/sbin)
%_sysconfdir
Host-specific system configuration. (/etc)
For historical reasons, the path name macros follow autoconf(1)
practises.
Architecture families
Macros for testing architecture families with %ifarch
conditionals.
Typical use:
%ifarch %{arm32}
BuildRequires: arm-and-leg-devel
%endif
%alpha
Alpha processors.
%arm32
32-bit ARM processors.
%arm64
64-bit ARM processors.
%e2k
E2K processors.
%ix86
32-bit x86 processors.
%loongarch64
64-bit LOONGARCH processors.
%mips
All MIPS processors.
%mips32
32-bit MIPS processors.
%mips64
64-bit MIPS processors.
%mipseb
Big-endian MIPS processors.
%mipsel
Little-endian MIPS processors.
%power64
64-bit PowerPC processors.
%riscv32
32-bit RISC-V processors.
%riscv64
64-bit RISC-V processors.
%riscv128
128-bit RISC-V processors.
%riscv
All RISC-V processors.
%sparc
All Sparc processors.
%x86_64
64-bit x86 processors.
Compiler flags
%build_cflags
C compiler flags. This is traditionally called CFLAGS in
makefiles.
%build_cxxflags
C++ compiler flags. This is traditionally called CXXFLAGS in
makefiles.
%build_fflags
Fortran compiler flags. Makefiles use both FFLAGS and FCFLAGS
as the corresponding variable names.
%optflags
Unspecified compiler flags from rpm-rpmrc(5).
Deprecated, use one of the language specific %build_*flags
macros instead.
%set_build_flags
Shell code to set various compiler/linker environment
variables such as CFLAGS and LDFLAGS if they have not been set
already.
Platform macros
%_host
Shorthand for %{_host_cpu}-%{_host_os}
%_host_cpu
The architecture of the host where RPM is running.
%_host_os
The operating system of the host where RPM is running.
%_target
Shorthand for %{_target_cpu}-%{_target_os}.
%_target_cpu
The architecture for which the current package is being built
for.
%_target_os
The operating system for which the current package is being
built for.
rpmbuild(1) rpm-spec(5) rpm-macros(7)
This page is part of the rpm (RPM Package Manager) project.
Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm⟩. It is not known
how to report bugs for this man page; if you know, please send a
mail to man-pages@man7.org. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm.git⟩ on
2026-08-04. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit
that was found in the repository was 2026-07-27.) If you discover
any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page,
or you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a
mail to man-pages@man7.org
RPM 6.1.90 2026-08-03 RPM-SPEC-MACROS(7)
Pages that refer to this page: rpmbuild(1), rpm-spec(5)
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HTML rendering created 2026-09-09 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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