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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | STDIN | INPUT FILES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS | STDOUT | STDERR | OUTPUT FILES | EXTENDED DESCRIPTION | EXIT STATUS | CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS | APPLICATION USAGE | EXAMPLES | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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QSELECT(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual QSELECT(1P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
qselect — select batch jobs
qselect [-a [op]date_time] [-A account_string] [-c [op]interval]
[-h hold_list] [-l resource_list] [-N name] [-p [op]priority]
[-q destination] [-r y|n] [-s states] [-u user_list]
To select a set of batch jobs is to return the batch
job_identifiers for each batch job that meets a list of selection
criteria. A set of batch jobs is selected by a request to a batch
server. The qselect utility is a user-accessible batch client that
requests the selection of batch jobs.
Upon successful completion, the qselect utility shall have
returned a list of zero or more batch job_identifiers that meet
the criteria specified by the options and option-arguments
presented to the utility.
The qselect utility shall select batch jobs by sending a Select
Jobs Request to a batch server. The qselect utility shall not exit
until the server replies to each request generated.
For each option presented to the qselect utility, the utility
shall restrict the set of selected batch jobs as described in the
OPTIONS section.
The qselect utility shall not restrict selection of batch jobs
except by authorization and as required by the options presented
to the utility.
When an option is specified with a mandatory or optional op
component to the option-argument, then op shall specify a relation
between the value of a certain batch job attribute and the value
component of the option-argument. If an op is allowable on an
option, then the description of the option letter indicates the op
as either mandatory or optional. Acceptable strings for the op
component, and the relation the string indicates, are shown in the
following list:
.eq. The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is
equal to the value represented by the option-argument.
.ge. The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is
greater than or equal to the value represented by the
option-argument.
.gt. The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is
greater than the value represented by the option-argument.
.lt. The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is
less than the value represented by the option-argument.
.le. The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is
less than or equal to the value represented by the option-
argument.
.ne. The value represented by the attribute of the batch job is
not equal to the value represented by the option-argument.
The qselect utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
-a [op]date_time
Restrict selection to a specific time, or a range of
times.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Execution_Time attribute is
related to the Epoch equivalent of the local time
expressed by the value of the date_time component of the
option-argument in the manner indicated by the value of
the op component of the option-argument.
The qselect utility shall accept a date_time component
of the option-argument that conforms to the syntax of
the time operand of the touch utility.
If the op component of the option-argument is not
presented to the qselect utility, the utility shall
select batch jobs for which the Execution_Time attribute
is equal to the date_time component of the option-
argument.
When comparing times, the qselect utility shall use the
following definitions for the op component of the
option-argument:
.eq. The time represented by value of the
Execution_Time attribute of the batch job is
equal to the time represented by the date_time
component of the option-argument.
.ge. The time represented by value of the
Execution_Time attribute of the batch job is
after or equal to the time represented by the
date_time component of the option-argument.
.gt. The time represented by value of the
Execution_Time attribute of the batch job is
after the time represented by the date_time
component of the option-argument.
.lt. The time represented by value of the
Execution_Time attribute of the batch job is
before the time represented by the date_time
component of the option-argument.
.le. The time represented by value of the
Execution_Time attribute of the batch job is
before or equal to the time represented by the
date_time component of the option-argument.
.ne. The time represented by value of the
Execution_Time attribute of the batch job is not
equal to the time represented by the date_time
component of the option-argument.
The qselect utility shall accept the defined character
strings for the op component of the option-argument.
-A account_string
Restrict selection to the batch jobs charging a
specified account.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Account_Name attribute of the
batch job matches the value of the account_string
option-argument.
The syntax of the account_string option-argument is
unspecified.
-c [op]interval
Restrict selection to batch jobs within a range of
checkpoint intervals.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Checkpoint attribute relates to
the value of the interval component of the option-
argument in the manner indicated by the value of the op
component of the option-argument.
If the op component of the option-argument is omitted,
the qselect utility shall select batch jobs for which
the value of the Checkpoint attribute is equal to the
value of the interval component of the option-argument.
When comparing checkpoint intervals, the qselect utility
shall use the following definitions for the op component
of the option-argument:
.eq. The value of the Checkpoint attribute of the
batch job equals the value of the interval
component of the option-argument.
.ge. The value of the Checkpoint attribute of the
batch job is greater than or equal to the value
of the interval component option-argument.
.gt. The value of the Checkpoint attribute of the
batch job is greater than the value of the
interval component option-argument.
.lt. The value of the Checkpoint attribute of the
batch job is less than the value of the interval
component option-argument.
.le. The value of the Checkpoint attribute of the
batch job is less than or equal to the value of
the interval component option-argument.
.ne. The value of the Checkpoint attribute of the
batch job does not equal the value of the
interval component option-argument.
The qselect utility shall accept the defined character
strings for the op component of the option-argument.
The ordering relationship for the values of the interval
option-argument is defined to be:
`n' .gt. `s' .gt. `c=minutes' .ge. `c'
When comparing Checkpoint attributes with an interval
having the value of the single character 'u', only
equality or inequality are valid comparisons.
-h hold_list
Restrict selection to batch jobs that have a specific
type of hold.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Hold_Types attribute matches the
value of the hold_list option-argument.
The qselect -h option shall accept a value for the
hold_list option-argument that is a string of
alphanumeric characters in the portable character set
(see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017,
Section 6.1, Portable Character Set).
The qselect utility shall accept a value for the
hold_list option-argument that is a string of one or
more of the characters 'u', 's', or 'o', or the single
character 'n'.
Each unique character in the hold_list option-argument
of the qselect utility is defined as follows, each
representing a different hold type:
u USER
s SYSTEM
o OPERATOR
If any of these characters are duplicated in the
hold_list option-argument, the duplicates shall be
ignored.
The qselect utility shall consider it an error if any
hold type other than 'n' is combined with hold type 'n'.
Strictly conforming applications shall not repeat any of
the characters 'u', 's', 'o', or 'n' within the
hold_list option-argument. The qselect utility shall
permit the repetition of characters, but shall not
assign additional meaning to the repeated characters.
An implementation may define other hold types. The
conformance document for an implementation shall
describe any additional hold types, how they are
specified, their internal behavior, and how they affect
the behavior of the utility.
-l resource_list
Restrict selection to batch jobs with specified resource
limits and attributes.
The qselect utility shall accept a resource_list option-
argument with the following syntax:
resource_name op value [,,resource_name op value,, ...]
When comparing resource values, the qselect utility
shall use the following definitions for the op component
of the option-argument:
.eq. The value of the resource of the same name in
the Resource_List attribute of the batch job
equals the value of the value component of the
option-argument.
.ge. The value of the resource of the same name in
the Resource_List attribute of the batch job is
greater than or equal to the value of the value
component of the option-argument.
.gt. The value of the resource of the same name in
the Resource_List attribute of the batch job is
greater than the value of the value component of
the option-argument.
.lt. The value of the resource of the same name in
the Resource_List attribute of the batch job is
less than the value of the value component of
the option-argument.
.ne. The value of the resource of the same name in
the Resource_List attribute of the batch job
does not equal the value of the value component
of the option-argument.
.le. The value of the resource of the same name in
the Resource_List attribute of the batch job is
less than or equal to the value of the value
component of the option-argument.
When comparing the limit of a Resource_List attribute
with the value component of the option-argument, if the
limit, the value, or both are non-numeric, only equality
or inequality are valid comparisons.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the values of the resource_names listed in the
resource_list option-argument match the corresponding
limits of the Resource_List attribute of the batch job.
Limits of resource_names present in the Resource_List
attribute of the batch job that have no corresponding
values in the resource_list option-argument shall not be
considered when selecting batch jobs.
-N name Restrict selection to batch jobs with a specified name.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Job_Name attribute matches the
value of the name option-argument. The string specified
in the name option-argument shall be passed,
uninterpreted, to the server. This allows an
implementation to match ``wildcard'' patterns against
batch job names.
An implementation shall describe in the conformance
document the format it supports for matching against the
Job_Name attribute.
-p [op]priority
Restrict selection to batch jobs of the specified
priority or range of priorities.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job relates to the value of the priority component of
the option-argument in the manner indicated by the value
of the op component of the option-argument.
If the op component of the option-argument is omitted,
the qselect utility shall select batch jobs for which
the value of the Priority attribute of the batch job is
equal to the value of the priority component of the
option-argument.
When comparing priority values, the qselect utility
shall use the following definitions for the op component
of the option-argument:
.eq. The value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job equals the value of the priority component
of the option-argument.
.ge. The value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job is greater than or equal to the value of the
priority component option-argument.
.gt. The value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job is greater than the value of the priority
component option-argument.
.lt. The value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job is less than the value of the priority
component option-argument.
.lt. The value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job is less than or equal to the value of the
priority component option-argument.
.ne. The value of the Priority attribute of the batch
job does not equal the value of the priority
component option-argument.
-q destination
Restrict selection to the specified batch queue or
server, or both.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs that
are located at the destination indicated by the value of
the destination option-argument.
The destination defines a batch queue, a server, or a
batch queue at a server.
The qselect utility shall accept an option-argument for
the -q option that conforms to the syntax for a
destination. If the -q option is not presented to the
qselect utility, the utility shall select batch jobs
from all batch queues at the default batch server.
If the option-argument describes only a batch queue, the
qselect utility shall select only batch jobs from the
batch queue of the specified name at the default batch
server. The means by which qselect determines the
default server is implementation-defined.
If the option-argument describes only a batch server,
the qselect utility shall select batch jobs from all the
batch queues at that batch server.
If the option-argument describes both a batch queue and
a batch server, the qselect utility shall select only
batch jobs from the specified batch queue at the
specified server.
-r y|n Restrict selection to batch jobs with the specified
rerunability status.
The qselect utility shall select only batch jobs for
which the value of the Rerunable attribute of the batch
job matches the value of the option-argument.
The qselect utility shall accept a value for the option-
argument that consists of either the single character
'y' or the single character 'n'. The character 'y'
represents the value TRUE, and the character 'n'
represents the value FALSE.
-s states Restrict selection to batch jobs in the specified
states.
The qselect utility shall accept an option-argument that
consists of any combination of the characters 'e', 'q',
'r', 'w', 'h', and 't'.
Conforming applications shall not repeat any character
in the option-argument. The qselect utility shall permit
the repetition of characters in the option-argument, but
shall not assign additional meaning to repeated
characters.
The qselect utility shall interpret the characters in
the states option-argument as follows:
e Represents the EXITING state.
q Represents the QUEUED state.
r Represents the RUNNING state.
t Represents the TRANSITING state.
h Represents the HELD state.
w Represents the WAITING state.
For each character in the states option-argument, the
qselect utility shall select batch jobs in the
corresponding state.
-u user_list
Restrict selection to batch jobs owned by the specified
user names.
The qselect utility shall select only the batch jobs of
those users specified in the user_list option-argument.
The qselect utility shall accept a user_list option-
argument that conforms to the following syntax:
username[@host][,,username[@host],, ...]
The qselect utility shall accept only one user name that
is missing a corresponding host name. The qselect
utility shall accept only one user name per named host.
None.
Not used.
None.
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
qselect:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. (See the Base
Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables the precedence of
internationalization variables used to determine the
values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values
of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences
of bytes of text data as characters (for example,
single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the
format and contents of diagnostic messages written to
standard error.
LOGNAME Determine the login name of the user.
TZ Determine the timezone used to interpret the date-time
option-argument. If TZ is unset or null, an unspecified
default timezone shall be used.
Default.
The qselect utility shall write zero or more batch job_identifiers
to standard output.
The qselect utility shall separate the batch job_identifiers
written to standard output by white space.
The qselect utility shall write batch job_identifiers in the
following format:
sequence_number.server_name@server
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
None.
None.
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
Default.
The following sections are informative.
None.
The following example shows how a user might use the qselect
utility in conjunction with the qdel utility to delete all of his
or her jobs in the queued state without affecting any jobs that
are already running:
qdel $(qselect -s q)
or:
qselect -s q || xargs qdel
The qselect utility allows users to acquire a list of job
identifiers that match user-specified selection criteria. The list
of identifiers returned by the qselect utility conforms to the
syntax of the batch job identifier list processed by a utility
such as qmove, qdel, and qrls. The qselect utility is thus a
powerful tool for causing another batch system utility to act upon
a set of jobs that match a list of selection criteria.
The options of the qselect utility let the user apply a number of
useful filters for selecting jobs. Each option further restricts
the selection of jobs. Many of the selection options allow the
specification of a relational operator. The FORTRAN-like syntax of
the operator—that is, ".lt."—was chosen rather than the C-like
"<=" meta-characters.
The -a option allows users to restrict the selected jobs to those
that have been submitted (or altered) to wait until a particular
time. The time period is determined by the argument of this
option, which includes both a time and an operator—it is thus
possible to select jobs waiting until a specific time, jobs
waiting until after a certain time, or those waiting for a time
before the specified time.
The -A option allows users to restrict the selected jobs to those
that have been submitted (or altered) to charge a particular
account.
The -c option allows users to restrict the selected jobs to those
whose checkpointing interval falls within the specified range.
The -l option allows users to select those jobs whose resource
limits fall within the range indicated by the value of the option.
For example, a user could select those jobs for which the CPU time
limit is greater than two hours.
The -N option allows users to select jobs by job name. For
instance, all the parts of a task that have been divided in
parallel jobs might be given the same name, and thus manipulated
as a group by means of this option.
The -q option allows users to select jobs in a specified queue.
The -r option allows users to select only those jobs with a
specified rerun criteria. For instance, a user might select only
those jobs that can be rerun for use with the qrerun utility.
The -s option allows users to select only those jobs that are in a
certain state.
The -u option allows users to select jobs that have been submitted
to execute under a particular account.
The selection criteria provided by the options of the qselect
utility allow users to select jobs based on all the appropriate
attributes that can be assigned to jobs by the qsub utility.
Historically, the qselect utility has not been a part of existing
practice; it is an improvement that has been introduced in this
volume of POSIX.1‐2017.
The qselect utility may be removed in a future version.
Chapter 3, Batch Environment Services, qdel(1p), qrerun(1p),
qrls(1p), qselect(1p), qsub(1p), touch(1p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 6.1, Portable
Character Set, Chapter 8, Environment Variables, Section 12.2,
Utility Syntax Guidelines
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 QSELECT(1P)
Pages that refer to this page: qdel(1p), qhold(1p), qmove(1p), qmsg(1p), qrls(1p), qselect(1p), qstat(1p)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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